latin
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=====Latin===== | =====Latin===== | ||
+ | This page has Latin language resources and follows Collins //A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin// | ||
===Resources=== | ===Resources=== | ||
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- | ====History of Latin=== | + | ===History of Latin=== |
* Pre-Classical - Italian region of latio - from 1000bc. 7C bc oldest fibula (buckle) 6C Lapis Negra - date certain. | * Pre-Classical - Italian region of latio - from 1000bc. 7C bc oldest fibula (buckle) 6C Lapis Negra - date certain. | ||
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* Cicero wouldn' | * Cicero wouldn' | ||
- | **History of Xn Latin** | + | ==History of Xn Latin== |
- | + | ||
* Roots not in city of rome - early xns spoke greek. | * Roots not in city of rome - early xns spoke greek. | ||
* Roots in N. Africa - Xns there mainly spoke and wrote latin | * Roots in N. Africa - Xns there mainly spoke and wrote latin | ||
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* Subj, verb, personal agency][No articles exist in Latin. Translate from context] | * Subj, verb, personal agency][No articles exist in Latin. Translate from context] | ||
==5 Cases:== | ==5 Cases:== | ||
- | | + | |Nominative |
- | |Genitive | + | |Genitive |
- | |Dative | + | |Dative |
- | |Accusative | + | |Accusative |
- | |Ablative | + | |Ablative |
- | |::: |Personal agency in passive sentences ' | + | |::: |Personal agency in passive sentences ' |
- | |::: |After certain prepositions ' | + | |::: |After certain prepositions ' |
- | |::: |Instrumentality or means, ' | + | |::: |Instrumentality or means, ' |
- | |::: |specifying the verb | | + | |::: |specifying the verb | |
**Dative of posession** Libro est mihi. | **Dative of posession** Libro est mihi. | ||
Verbs - 4 (5) conjugations1st **-a-**2nd **-e-** long e3rd **-e-** short e goes to e or ie4th **-i-** | Verbs - 4 (5) conjugations1st **-a-**2nd **-e-** long e3rd **-e-** short e goes to e or ie4th **-i-** | ||
- | | + | |
- | |imperfect | + | |present |
+ | |imperfect | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
- | //saeculum, saculi// n. age, world | + | * //saeculum, saculi// n. age, world |
- | //famulus -i// m. servant | + | |
- | //numquam// adv. never | + | |
- | //quoque// also, too | + | |
- | //deleo, delere, delevi, deletus// wipe out, destroy | + | |
- | //venio, venire, veni, ventus// come - note the present and perfect are often the same - see context. //invenio// find | + | |
- | //mundus -a -um// clean, pure //imundus -a -um// impure | + | * //invenio// find |
- | //perhibeo, perhibere, perhibui, perhibitus// | + | |
- | //video, videre, vidi, visus// see, realize | + | * //imundus -a -um// impure |
- | //scio, scire, scivi, scitus// know | + | * //mundus, -i// m. world |
- | //socium, socii// n. companion, ally | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | //resulto, resultare, resultavi, resultatus// | + | |
- | //hostia, hostiae// sacrificial offering | + | |
- | //valeo, valere, valui, valitus// be well, be strong, be able (+ inf) | + | |
- | //videor, videri, | + | |
- | //desino, desinere, desii, desitus // cease (+ inf) | + | |
- | //excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptus // welcome | + | |
- | //insto, instare, institi, & | + | |
- | //inhaereo, inhaerere, inhaesi, inhaesus // cling to, adhere (+ dat) | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | //caligo, caliginis // f. mist, gloom | + | |
- | //fundo, fundere, fudi, fusus // pour | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | //scando, scandere, scandi, scansus // climb, mount | + | |
- | //memor // mindful of (+ gen) | + | |
- | //intereo, interire, interivi, interitus// perish, die | + | |
- | //obeo, obire, obivi, obitus// go to meet, die | + | |
- | //pereo, perire, perivi, peritus// perish, die, be lost | + | |
- | //adsum, adesse, affui, & | + | |
- | //prosum, prodesse, profui, & | + | |
- | //incido, incidere, incidi // fall into, happen | + | |
- | //prex, precis // f. entreaty, prayer | + | |
- | //precor, precari, precatus sum // ask, pray beseech (also deprecor...) | + | |
- | //scelus, sceleris// n. crime, sin | + | |
- | //dignor, dignare, | + | |
- | //judico, judicare, judicavi, judicatus// judge //dejudico //discern | + | |
- | //jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussus// command, request with accusative and infinitive. | + | |
- | //utor, uti, & | + | |
- | //antistes, antistitis// | + | |
- | //planctus, -us// m. mourning | + | |
- | //tueor, tueri, | + | |
- | //labor, labi, & | + | |
- | //talis, tale// such, of such a sort | + | |
- | //tantus, -a, -um// so much, so great | + | |
- | //cano, canere, cecini, cantus// Sing prophesy | + | |
- | //accendo, accendere, accendi, accensus// kindle, set on fire. | + | |
- | //consors, consortis, consortium// | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | //fateor, fateri, | + | |
- | //pasco, pascere, pavi, pastus// feed | + | |
- | //statuo, statuere, statui, statutus// establish, appoint, determine | + | |
- | //ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsus// burn | + | |
- | //inficio, inficere, infeci, infectus// infect, polute | + | |
- | //proficio, proficere, profeci, profectus// avail, prevail | + | |
- | //reficio, reficere, refeci, refectus// refresh, repair | + | |
- | //existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatus// | + | |
- | //liquo, liquare, liquavi, liquatus// melt | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | // | + | |
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
==Conjunctions, | ==Conjunctions, | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | http:// | ||
- | <p id=" | + | Conjunctions are indeclinable particles that join clauses together |
- | **Prepositions** | + | |
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | With the < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | With the < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | With < | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | //ad // | | + | |
- | to | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | from | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | improper preposition for the sake of, by reason | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | //adversu -s/-m // | | + | |
- | opposite | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | before | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | //apud // | | + | |
- | among, at the house of// | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | of, concerning | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | around | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | before | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | around | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | from, out of | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | against | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | in the presence of | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | beyond, outside | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | into | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | in | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | between, among | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | within, among | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | beside | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | //ob // | | + | |
- | because of | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | through | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | //post, pone// | + | |
- | behind, after | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | on behalf of, in front of, according to | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | near | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | in the presense of | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | near | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | without | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | beyond | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | according to | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | under | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | beside | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | upon, over, above | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | concerning, about, above | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | across | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | up to | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
+ | **Coordinating Conjunctions ** | ||
- | </table> | + | * //atque// and |
- | </div> | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | * // |
- | **Adverbs** | + | * //autem// but, and - depends on context, may not need to be translated |
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | * //et...et// both...and | ||
+ | * //igitur// therefore | ||
+ | * //itaque// and so | ||
+ | * //nam// for | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //prout// according as | ||
+ | * //quam// than (adv: how, how much) | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //-que//* and | ||
+ | * //sed// but | ||
+ | * //tamen// (usually placed second in a sentence) however | ||
+ | * //vel// or (if you prefer) | ||
+ | **Subordinating Conjunctions** | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //cum// when, after + ind.; under the circumstances, | ||
+ | * //donec// while, as long as, till | ||
+ | * //dum// while, for the time | ||
+ | * //etsi// although, even, if | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //ne// in order that ... not, that ... not, introducing negative purpose, or direct command, with subj. | ||
+ | * //nisi// unless, except | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //quia, quod, quoniam// because - sometimes | ||
+ | * //eo quod//// | ||
+ | * //si// if | ||
+ | * //sive, seu// or if, | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //simul ac// as soon as | ||
+ | * //ubi// when, as soon as, (where - adverb) | ||
+ | * //ut// when, as/with result clauses: in order to, so, to, that, introducing negative purpose, or direct command, with subj. (with postulo, rogo, peto, oro, precor, moneo + subjunctive or acc. + inf; or dico ut + subjunctive) | ||
+ | * //utinam// as/with result clauses: in order to, so, to | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //postquam puerum vidit// | ||
+ | **Prepositions** | ||
- | <ul> | + | | With the __accusative__ case: ||With the __ablative__ case ||With __genitive__ |
+ | |//ad // |to | ||
+ | |//adversu -s/-m // |opposite | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |//apud // |among, at the house of// |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |//ob // |because of | | ||
+ | |/? | ||
+ | |//post, pone// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
- | < | + | **Adverbs** |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | //adhunc// so far | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //deinde// then, next | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //donec, dum// while, as long as | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //etiam// even also (intensifying) | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //hinc// from here | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //iam// already | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //ideo// therefore, on that account | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //inde// from there, from then | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //invicem// in turn; as reflecive pronoun: one another. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //ita// so, thus, with adverbs, adjectives and verbs. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //itaque// therefore | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //jam// already (with past), now (with present), soon (with future) | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //mox// presently | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //nimis// too, too much | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //nondum// not yet | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //nonne// introduces question expecting yes | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //numquid// introduces question expecting no | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //palam// openly | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //postea// afterward | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //quam// how, how much (conj: than) | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //quando // when? | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //quare// why | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //quid// why? how? //ut quid// | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //quidem// indeed, at any rate | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //quo// to where (?) | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //quomodo// how? | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //sic// so, thus, with verbs only | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //sicut// like, as | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //simul// together, atthe same time | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //sursum// upward | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //talis// such | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //tam// so, to such a degree, with adverbs and adjectives only | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //tamen// nevertheless | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //tantum// only | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //tum// then | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //tunc// then | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //ultro// on the other side, besides | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //unde// from where | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //usque // as far as, all the way | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //utinam// if only | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //utique// certainly, at any rate | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //valdo// very | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //velut// just as, as if | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //vero// truly | + | |
- | </li> | + | * //adhunc// so far |
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //deinde// then, next | ||
+ | * //donec, dum// while, as long as | ||
+ | * //etiam// even also (intensifying) | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //hinc// from here | ||
+ | * //iam// already | ||
+ | * //ideo// therefore, on that account | ||
+ | * //inde// from there, from then | ||
+ | * //invicem// in turn; as reflecive pronoun: one another. | ||
+ | * //ita// so, thus, with adverbs, adjectives and verbs. | ||
+ | * //itaque// therefore | ||
+ | * //jam// already (with past), now (with present), soon (with future) | ||
+ | * //mox// presently | ||
+ | * //nimis// too, too much | ||
+ | * //nondum// not yet | ||
+ | * //nonne// introduces question expecting yes | ||
+ | * //numquid// introduces question expecting no | ||
+ | * //palam// openly | ||
+ | * //postea// afterward | ||
+ | * //quam// how, how much (conj: than) | ||
+ | * //quando // when? | ||
+ | * //quare// why | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //quid// why? how? //ut quid// | ||
+ | * //quidem// indeed, at any rate | ||
+ | * //quo// to where (?) | ||
+ | * //quomodo// how? | ||
+ | * //sic// so, thus, with verbs only | ||
+ | * //sicut// like, as | ||
+ | * //simul// together, atthe same time | ||
+ | * //sursum// upward | ||
+ | * //talis// such | ||
+ | * //tam// so, to such a degree, with adverbs and adjectives only | ||
+ | * //tamen// nevertheless | ||
+ | * //tantum// only | ||
+ | * //tum// then | ||
+ | * //tunc// then | ||
+ | * //ultro// on the other side, besides | ||
+ | * //unde// from where | ||
+ | * //usque // as far as, all the way | ||
+ | * //utinam// if only | ||
+ | * //utique// certainly, at any rate | ||
+ | * //valdo// very | ||
+ | * //velut// just as, as if | ||
+ | * //vero// truly | ||
- | </ul> | ||
+ | Some Adverbs of Time: | ||
+ | * iam pridem long ago | ||
+ | * primum first | ||
+ | * postremo finally | ||
+ | * postquam as soon as | ||
+ | * numquam never | ||
+ | * saepe often | ||
+ | * cotidie every day | ||
+ | * nondum not yet | ||
+ | * crebro frequently | ||
+ | * pridie the day before | ||
+ | * umqam ever | ||
+ | * denique at last | ||
- | <p id=" | + | Adverbs of Place: |
- | Some Adverbs of Time:iam pridem long agoprimum firstpostremo finallypostquam as soon asnumquam neversaepe oftencotidie every daynondum not yetcrebro frequentlypridie | + | * hic here |
+ | * huc hither | ||
+ | * hinc from here | ||
+ | * ibi thereeo thither, to there | ||
+ | * illic therequo whitherunde whence | ||
+ | * ubi whereundique from everywhere | ||
+ | * ibidem in the same placee | ||
+ | * odem to the same place | ||
+ | * quovis anywhere | ||
+ | * usque all the way to | ||
+ | * intro inwardly | ||
+ | * nusquam nowhere | ||
+ | * porro further on | ||
+ | * citro to this side | ||
- | <p id=" | + | Adverbs of Manner, Degree, or Cause: |
- | Adverbs of Place:hic herehuc hitherhinc from hereibi thereeo thither, to thereillic therequo whitherunde whenceubi whereundique from everywhereibidem in the same placeeodem to the same placequovis anywhereusque all the way tointro inwardlynusquam nowhereporro further oncitro to this side | + | * quam how, |
+ | * astam so | ||
+ | * quamvis however much | ||
+ | * magis more | ||
+ | * paene almost | ||
+ | * valde greatly | ||
+ | * cur why | ||
+ | * quare why | ||
+ | * ergo therefore | ||
+ | * propterea because, on this account | ||
+ | * ita so | ||
+ | * sic so | ||
+ | * ut as, how | ||
+ | * vix hardly | ||
- | <p id=" | + | Interrogative Particles: |
- | Adverbs of Manner, Degree, or Cause:quam how, astam soquamvis however muchmagis morepaene almostvalde greatlycur whyquare whyergo thereforepropterea because, on this accountita sosic sout as, howvix hardly | + | * whether: an, -ne, utrum, utrumne, |
- | + | * whether | |
- | <p id=" | + | * whether |
- | Interrogative Particles: | + | * Negative |
+ | * not only ... but also non modo ... verum/ | ||
+ | * not only not ... but not even non modo ... sed ne ... quidem | ||
+ | * not even ne ... quidem | ||
+ | * if not si minus | ||
+ | * so as not quo minus, | ||
+ | * why not? quin | ||
====Latin in the Code==== | ====Latin in the Code==== | ||
- | <p id=" | + | This chart gives all the words that occur in the Code of Canon Law more than 100 times, the English translation, |
- | This chart gives all the words that occur in the Code more than 100 times, the English translation, | + | |Times in Code |Latin |
- | <div class=" | + | |2139 |in |in |prep with acc or abl | |
- | <table border=" | + | |1797 |et |and |conj | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |1449 |ad |to |prep + acc | |
- | < | + | |1132 |de |of |prep + abl | |
- | Times in Code | | + | |1019 |vel |or |ADV: even, actually; or even, in deed; CONJ or; | |
- | Latin | | + | |718 |aut |or |conj | |
- | English | + | |682 |si |if |subordinating conj | |
- | Grammar</ | + | |663 |qui |which, that |n.s or n.p pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod | |
- | </ | + | |589 |est |is |3s pai | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |586 |non |not| | |
- | <td> | + | |555 |a |from, by |prep, ablative |
- | 2139 | | + | |549 |ut |to / that |conj + subj | |
- | in | | + | |536 |quae |which, that |n.s or n.p or acc.p pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod | |
- | in | | + | |518 |ab |from, by |prep + abl | |
- | prep with acc or abl</ | + | |467 |nisi |unless |
- | </ | + | |453 |potest |
- | <tr id=" | + | |316 |cum |with; when |prep + abl; or adverb: when | |
- | <td> | + | |314 |per |through, by |prep + acc | |
- | 1797 | | + | |313 |sit |it would be |3s pas | |
- | et | | + | |309 |ex |from |prep + abl | |
- | and | | + | |286 |etiam |
- | conj</ | + | |274 |sive |or if, or |conj | |
- | </ | + | |273 |quibus |
- | <tr id=" | + | |272 |iure |by right |adv | |
- | <td> | + | |268 |normam |
- | 1449 | | + | |254 |ecclesiae |
- | ad | | + | |253 |sunt |they are |3p pai | |
- | to | | + | |250 |pro |for |prep + abl | |
- | prep + acc</ | + | |239 |quo |which, that |abl.s pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod | |
- | </ | + | |233 |atque |
- | <tr id=" | + | |218 |iuris |
- | <td> | + | |215 |episcopus |
- | 1132 | | + | |211 |quod |which, that |nom/acc.s pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod | |
- | de | | + | |179 |loci |place |
- | of | | + | |177 |causa |
- | prep + abl</ | + | |175 |ecclesia |
- | </ | + | |170 |episcoporum |
- | <tr id=" | + | |169 |debet |
- | <td> | + | |167 |episcopo |
- | 1019 | | + | |166 |possunt |
- | vel | | + | |161 |tamen |
- | or | | + | |151 |ius |law |n.s, acc.s | |
- | ADV: even, actually; or even, in deed; CONJ or;</ | + | |150 |episcopi |
- | </ | + | |147 |iudex |
- | <tr id=" | + | |147 |se |itself |
- | <td> | + | |146 |ne |lest / not |conj + imp / adv | |
- | 718 | | + | |143 |qua |which, that |nom/acc.s nom/acc.p pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod | |
- | aut | | + | |140 |autem |
- | or | | + | |140 |sint |they would be |3p pas | |
- | conj</ | + | |135 |caput |
- | </ | + | |135 |vitae |
- | <tr id=" | + | |134 |instituti |
- | <td> | + | |128 |necnon |
- | 682 | | + | |127 |id |he, she, it, that |pron n.s, acc.s | |
- | si | | + | |125 |aliud |
- | if | | + | |116 |eius |he, she, it, that |pron g.s | |
- | subordinating conj</ | + | |115 |diocesano |
- | </ | + | |115 |saltem |
- | <tr id=" | + | |114 |ac |and |conj | |
- | <td> | + | |114 |intra |
- | 663 | | + | |114 |tantum |
- | qui | | + | |112 |eadem |
- | which, that | | + | |112 |vero |truly, really, truth |adv | |
- | n.s or n.p pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod</ | + | |111 |auctoritate |
- | </ | + | |110 |fuerit |
- | <tr id=" | + | |109 |ipso |himself |
- | <td> | + | |109 |legitime |
- | 589 | | + | |108 |dioecesanus |
- | est | | + | |107 |apostolicae |
- | is | | + | |105 |dioecesani |
- | 3s pai</ | + | |105 |quam |which, that |acc.s pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod | |
- | </ | + | |103 |inter |
- | <tr id=" | + | |102 |omnes |
- | <td> | + | |101 |sibi |he, she, it, that |pron dative |
- | 586 | | + | |
- | non | | + | |
- | not</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 555 | | + | |
- | a | | + | |
- | from, by | | + | |
- | prep, ablative</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 549 | | + | |
- | ut | | + | |
- | to / that | | + | |
- | conj + subj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 536 | | + | |
- | quae | | + | |
- | which, that | | + | |
- | n.s or n.p or acc.p pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 518 | | + | |
- | ab | | + | |
- | from, by | | + | |
- | prep + abl</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 467 | | + | |
- | nisi | | + | |
- | unless | + | |
- | conj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 453 | | + | |
- | potest | + | |
- | it can | | + | |
- | 3s pai</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 316 | | + | |
- | cum | | + | |
- | with; when | | + | |
- | prep + abl; or adverb: when</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 314 | | + | |
- | per | | + | |
- | through, by | | + | |
- | prep + acc</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 313 | | + | |
- | sit | | + | |
- | it would be | | + | |
- | 3s pas</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 309 | | + | |
- | ex | | + | |
- | from | | + | |
- | prep + abl</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 286 | | + | |
- | etiam | | + | |
- | also | | + | |
- | conj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 274 | | + | |
- | sive | | + | |
- | or if, or | | + | |
- | conj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 273 | | + | |
- | quibus | + | |
- | which, that | | + | |
- | dat/abl.p pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 272 | | + | |
- | iure | | + | |
- | by right | | + | |
- | adv</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 268 | | + | |
- | normam | + | |
- | standard | + | |
- | acc.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 254 | | + | |
- | ecclesiae | + | |
- | church | + | |
- | gen.s. dat.s, nom.p</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 253 | | + | |
- | sunt | | + | |
- | they are | | + | |
- | 3p pai</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 250 | | + | |
- | pro | | + | |
- | for | | + | |
- | prep + abl</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 239 | | + | |
- | quo | | + | |
- | which, that | | + | |
- | abl.s pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 233 | | + | |
- | atque | | + | |
- | and | | + | |
- | conj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 218 | | + | |
- | iuris | | + | |
- | law, right | | + | |
- | gen.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 215 | | + | |
- | episcopus | + | |
- | bishop | + | |
- | n.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 211 | | + | |
- | quod | | + | |
- | which, that | | + | |
- | nom/acc.s pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 179 | | + | |
- | loci | | + | |
- | place | | + | |
- | gen.s nom.p</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 177 | | + | |
- | causa | | + | |
- | cause, case / because | + | |
- | n.s abl.s / prep + abl (false prep)</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 175 | | + | |
- | ecclesia | + | |
- | church | + | |
- | n.s abl.s </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 170 | | + | |
- | episcoporum | + | |
- | bishop | + | |
- | gen.p</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 169 | | + | |
- | debet | | + | |
- | owe, ought | | + | |
- | 3s pai</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 167 | | + | |
- | episcopo | + | |
- | bishop | + | |
- | dat.s abl.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 166 | | + | |
- | possunt | + | |
- | they can | | + | |
- | 3p pai</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 161 | | + | |
- | tamen | | + | |
- | yet, still | | + | |
- | adv</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 151 | | + | |
- | ius | | + | |
- | law | | + | |
- | n.s, acc.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 150 | | + | |
- | episcopi | + | |
- | bishops | + | |
- | n.p, gen.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 147 | | + | |
- | iudex | | + | |
- | judge | | + | |
- | n.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 147 | | + | |
- | se | | + | |
- | itself | + | |
- | abl acc pronoun</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 146 | | + | |
- | ne | | + | |
- | lest / not | | + | |
- | conj + imp / adv</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 143 | | + | |
- | qua | | + | |
- | which, that | | + | |
- | nom/acc.s nom/acc.p pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 140 | | + | |
- | autem | | + | |
- | but | | + | |
- | conj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 140 | | + | |
- | sint | | + | |
- | they would be | | + | |
- | 3p pas</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 135 | | + | |
- | caput | | + | |
- | chapter | + | |
- | n</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 135 | | + | |
- | vitae | | + | |
- | life | | + | |
- | n</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 134 | | + | |
- | instituti | + | |
- | institute | + | |
- | n</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 128 | | + | |
- | necnon | + | |
- | nor | | + | |
- | adv</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 127 | | + | |
- | id | | + | |
- | he, she, it, that | | + | |
- | pron n.s, acc.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 125 | | + | |
- | aliud | | + | |
- | other | | + | |
- | adj n.s, acc.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 116 | | + | |
- | eius | | + | |
- | he, she, it, that | | + | |
- | pron g.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 115 | | + | |
- | diocesano | + | |
- | diocesan | + | |
- | adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 115 | | + | |
- | saltem | + | |
- | at least | | + | |
- | adv</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 114 | | + | |
- | ac | | + | |
- | and | | + | |
- | conj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 114 | | + | |
- | intra | | + | |
- | within | + | |
- | prep + acc, adv</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 114 | | + | |
- | tantum | + | |
- | so much, only | | + | |
- | adv, adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 112 | | + | |
- | eadem | | + | |
- | same, same time / way | | + | |
- | adv, adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 112 | | + | |
- | vero | | + | |
- | truly, really, truth | | + | |
- | adv</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 111 | | + | |
- | auctoritate | + | |
- | authority | + | |
- | n</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 110 | | + | |
- | fuerit | + | |
- | will, would have been | | + | |
- | perf as; futp ai</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 109 | | + | |
- | ipso | | + | |
- | himself | + | |
- | abl.s</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 109 | | + | |
- | legitime | + | |
- | lawful | + | |
- | adv, adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 108 | | + | |
- | dioecesanus | + | |
- | diocesan | + | |
- | adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 107 | | + | |
- | apostolicae | + | |
- | apostolic | + | |
- | adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 105 | | + | |
- | dioecesani | + | |
- | diocesan | + | |
- | adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 105 | | + | |
- | quam | | + | |
- | which, that | | + | |
- | acc.s pronoun anyone, anything: qui, quae, quod</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 103 | | + | |
- | inter | | + | |
- | between, during | + | |
- | prep + acc</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 102 | | + | |
- | omnes | | + | |
- | all | | + | |
- | adj</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | 101 | | + | |
- | sibi | | + | |
- | he, she, it, that | | + | |
- | pron dative</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====Collins Ecclesiastical Latin==== | + | =====Collins Ecclesiastical Latin===== |
===Unit 4 - Adjectival declensions=== | ===Unit 4 - Adjectival declensions=== | ||
+ | |Nom. | ||
+ | |Gen. | ||
+ | |Dat. | ||
+ | |Acc. |bonam | ||
+ | |Abl. | bona |bono |bono | | ||
+ | |Voc. | ||
+ | |Nom. |bonae | ||
+ | |Gen. |bonarum | ||
+ | |Dat. |bonis | ||
+ | |Acc. |bonas | ||
+ | |Abl. |bonis | ||
- | <ul> | + | * Nominative sing and pleural always the same in all declensions in neuter. |
+ | * You can tell from the dictionary the gender - context may be misleading. | ||
+ | * Petrus erat bonus -Peter was good - copula takes same case, gender, number | ||
+ | * Petrus erat bonus papa. Peter erat bonus agricola. Check the dictionary. | ||
+ | * Papa - father, teacher, bishop, pope. Then in 5th C became reserved for bishop of Rome. At that time pope got more political power as other political powers collapsed. | ||
+ | * Brevitas is a virtue in Latin. Gravitas. Plautus - only latin humorist. Brevitas atque Gravitas. Latin like mathmatics. Can't make mistakes against Latin. Up to the middle ages, the personal pronouns were seldom used. With the coming of the middle ages came national languages. Thus latin wasn't known. Erasmus destroyed latin as official political language by desire to reestablishing the 'good old days'. Older latin was more difficult thus the study was impeded. Same is true for greek. | ||
+ | * Royal Chair for Exegesis was founded by Charles V - 1560 - this is a proof that Catholics considered the study of the bible impt. 1548 first complete dutch Nikolaus van Winghe - by a leuven professor. But it was so colloquial that in five years it was revived. KUL also promoted lay reading of the bible, though there was debate. | ||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Nom. | | ||
- | bona | | ||
- | bonus | | ||
- | bonum</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Gen. | | ||
- | bonae | | ||
- | boni | | ||
- | boni</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Dat. | | ||
- | bonae | | ||
- | bono | | ||
- | bono</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Acc. | | ||
- | bonam | | ||
- | bonum | | ||
- | bonum</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Abl. | | ||
- | | ||
- | bono | | ||
- | bono</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Voc. | | ||
- | bona | | ||
- | bone | | ||
- | bonum</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Nom. | | ||
- | bonae | | ||
- | boni | | ||
- | bona</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Gen. | | ||
- | bonarum | ||
- | bonorum | ||
- | bonorum</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Dat. | | ||
- | bonis | | ||
- | bonis | | ||
- | bonis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Acc. | | ||
- | bonas | | ||
- | bonos | | ||
- | bona</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Abl. | | ||
- | bonis | | ||
- | bonis | | ||
- | bonis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <li class=" | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Nominative sing and pleural always the same in all declensions in neuter. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | You can tell from the dictionary the gender - context may be misleading. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Petrus erat bonus -Peter was good - copula takes same case, gender, number | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Petrus erat bonus papa. Peter erat bonus agricola. Check the dictionary. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Papa - father, teacher, bishop, pope. Then in 5< | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Brevitas is a virtue in Latin. Gravitas. Plautus - only latin humorist. Brevitas atque Gravitas. Latin like mathmatics. Can't make mistakes against Latin. Up to the middle ages, the personal pronouns were seldom used. With the coming of the middle ages came national languages. Thus latin wasn't known. Erasmus destroyed latin as official political language by desire to reestablishing the 'good old days'. Older latin was more difficult thus the study was impeded. Same is true for greek. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Royal Chair for Exegesis was founded by Charles V - 1560 - this is a proof that Catholics considered the study of the bible impt. 1548 first complete dutch Nikolaus van Winghe - by a leuven professor. But it was so colloquial that in five years it was revived. KUL also promoted lay reading of the bible, though there was debate. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Order of translation: | **Order of translation: | ||
===Unit 5 - Verbs=== | ===Unit 5 - Verbs=== | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
Amo - present indicative active first person singular - amare 1< | Amo - present indicative active first person singular - amare 1< | ||
+ | | |Tense | ||
+ | |Amo |Present | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
- | <ul> | + | Participle - present, past, future, active and passive |
+ | * Amare < Ama - re | ||
+ | * Ama-o but the o is strong and it contracts with a so that ao = o so amo. | ||
+ | * Amo, amare, amavi, amatus - | ||
+ | * Amavi gives you perfect tenses p, pp, fp. If there is **u**, | ||
+ | * Amatus gives you passive perfect tenses | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Time |Present | ||
+ | | | |I see |I am seeing | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
- | <div class=" | + | **Word order is irrelevant** |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Tense | | + | |
- | Mood | | + | |
- | Voice | | + | |
- | Person | + | |
- | Number</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Amo | | + | |
- | Present | + | |
- | I love | | + | |
- | Indicative | + | |
- | Active | + | |
- | 1st | | + | |
- | Singular</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Imperfect | + | |
- | I love | | + | |
- | Subjunctive | + | |
- | Passive | + | |
- | 2nd | | + | |
- | Plural</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Future | + | |
- | I will love | | + | |
- | Imperative Love! | | + | |
- | (Medial | + | |
- | 3rd | | + | |
- | .</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Perfect | + | |
- | I loved </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Pluperfect | + | |
- | I had loved</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Future perfect | + | |
- | I will have loved</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ul> | + | ===Unit 6 - Present indicative active=== |
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Participle - present, past, future, active and passiveAmare < Ama - reAma-o but the o is strong and it contracts with a so that ao = o so amo.Amo, amare, amavi, amatus -Amavi gives you perfect tenses p, pp, fp. If there is **u**, | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | Simple | ||
- | Progressive | ||
- | Completed</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Time | | ||
- | Present | ||
- | Video | | ||
- | Video | | ||
- | Vidi</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | I see | | ||
- | I am seeing | ||
- | I have seen</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | Present | ||
- | Present | ||
- | Perfect</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | Past | | ||
- | Vidi | | ||
- | Videbam | ||
- | Videram</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | I saw | | ||
- | I was seeing | ||
- | I had seen</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | perfect | ||
- | imperfect | ||
- | pluperfect</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | future | ||
- | videbo | ||
- | videbo | ||
- | videro</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | I will see | | ||
- | I will be seeing | ||
- | I will have seen</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | future | ||
- | future | ||
- | future perfect</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Word order is irrelevant**Das librum discipulo - indirect object is in dativeDominus servos malo liberat - The lord sets the servant free from evilDominus servos **a malo liberat** ... from **the evil one.**Later periods no longer make that distinctions - leaves us free to translate.Consecrare and sacrare - through the development of the language, there is a birth of new compound verbs, sometimes meaning the same. Esp. in ecclesiastical Latin. Also associated with decline of knowledge of latin.Sanctus - holy, sanctified - he is dead. Sanctus Cicero - means he is dead. That was the first meaning of the word. There is a development of meaning when Xns take over the meaning. Voluptas, Libido, but in Xn will use concupiscentia. From augustine onwards this is used for sexual desire.You have to translate being aware of the period in which the text was written. It makes a huge difference.E.g. res religiosa - religious case, religious thing in Roman.Translated state affair. In roman times, church and state was the same. | ||
- | |||
- | ===Unit 6 - Present indicative active=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
Present, ind, act worth studying these endings by heart. | Present, ind, act worth studying these endings by heart. | ||
+ | |1st |Amare | ||
+ | |2nd |Monere | ||
+ | |3rd |Ducere | ||
+ | |5th or 3b |Capere | ||
+ | |4th |Audire | ||
- | <ul> | + | //Vocatne Petrus discipulum// |
+ | __Ablative of Separation__ | ||
+ | __Ablative of Means__ (middel) and __of Manner__ (wijsen) In both cases you can present a correct translation whether it is abl of means of manner. | ||
+ | * Means is concrete. //Dominus psalmis laudamus.// //Justi in gladio regnant.// | ||
+ | * Manner is abstract; and may use //cum//. or //Dominum magno cum gaudio laudamus.// | ||
- | <div class=" | + | **Exercises** |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 1st | | + | |
- | Amare | | + | |
- | a | | + | |
- | Amo | | + | |
- | amas | | + | |
- | amat | | + | |
- | amamus | + | |
- | amatis | + | |
- | amant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 2nd | | + | |
- | Monere | + | |
- | e | | + | |
- | moneo | | + | |
- | mones | | + | |
- | monet | | + | |
- | monemus | + | |
- | monetis | + | |
- | monent</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 3rd | | + | |
- | Ducere | + | |
- | e | | + | |
- | duco | | + | |
- | ducis | | + | |
- | ducit | | + | |
- | ducimus | + | |
- | ducitis | + | |
- | ducunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 5th or 3b | | + | |
- | Capere | + | |
- | io | | + | |
- | capio | | + | |
- | capis | | + | |
- | capit | | + | |
- | capimus | + | |
- | capitis | + | |
- | capiunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 4th | | + | |
- | Audire | + | |
- | i | | + | |
- | audio | | + | |
- | audis | | + | |
- | audit | | + | |
- | audimus | + | |
- | auditis | + | |
- | audiunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ul> | + | ===Unit 7 - Present Indicative Passive=== |
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | //Vocatne Petrus discipulum// | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Means is concrete. //Dominus psalmis laudamus.// //Justi in gladio regnant.// | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Manner is abstract; and may use //cum//. or //Dominum magno cum gaudio laudamus.// | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Exercises**1. Pro Hebraeis Dominus Aegyptios fugat.For hebrew the Lord fight with Egyptian.2. Deo Gratias semper agimus.Thanks God for his conduct always.3. Aeternis praeceptis Dominus populum monet.4. Maria natum in templo invenit.Maria finds her son in the temple.5. Episcopus populum in ecclesiam inducit.Bishops lead the people in the church.6. Petrus cum discipulis ad domum advenit.Peter with (the other) disciples arrive at the hourse.7. Cum gaudio vinum vitae bibimus?8. Quare apostolus Christum malis tradit?9. Famulus malus puerum auro seducit.10. In gloria Christus populum conjungit.In the glory Christ unites the people. | ||
- | |||
- | ===Unit 7 - Present Indicative Passive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Best to learn by heart** Any transitive verb can be passive. Present stem + passive endings (with adjustments). | **Best to learn by heart** Any transitive verb can be passive. Present stem + passive endings (with adjustments). | ||
+ | |-r | ||
+ | |Amor | ||
+ | |Moneor | ||
+ | |Ducor | ||
+ | |Capior | ||
+ | |Audior | ||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | -r | | ||
- | -ris | | ||
- | -tur | | ||
- | -mur | | ||
- | -mini | | ||
- | -ntur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amor | | ||
- | amaris -re | | ||
- | amatur | ||
- | amamur | ||
- | amamini | ||
- | amantur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Moneor | ||
- | moneris -re | | ||
- | monetur | ||
- | monemur | ||
- | monemini | ||
- | monentur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ducor | | ||
- | duceris -re | | ||
- | ducitur | ||
- | ducimur | ||
- | ducimini | ||
- | ducuntur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Capior | ||
- | caperis -re | | ||
- | capitur | ||
- | capimur | ||
- | capimini | ||
- | capiuntur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Audior | ||
- | audiris -re | | ||
- | auditur | ||
- | audimur | ||
- | audimini | ||
- | audiuntur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
note the second person present passive INDICATIVE is also the second person present passive IMPERATIVE (Chapter 19) | note the second person present passive INDICATIVE is also the second person present passive IMPERATIVE (Chapter 19) | ||
- | </li> | + | * Nostra peccata a Christo delentur - a christo - ablative of personal agency - a / ab |
+ | * Terra est gloria Dei plena. Some adjectives take an ablative rather than genitive, e.g. plena, dignus, indignus, etc. | ||
- | </ | + | **Exercises**2. Jesus Nazarenus dicitur Christus. |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Nostra peccata a Christo delentur - a christo - ablative of personal agency - a / abTerra est gloria Dei plena. Some adjectives take an ablative rather than genitive, e.g. plena, dignus, indignus, etc. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | **Exercises**2. Jesus Nazarenus dicitur Christus. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Jesu of Nazarenus is called as christ. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | </ul> | + | |
===Unit 8 - Past Tenses - Imperfect=== | ===Unit 8 - Past Tenses - Imperfect=== | ||
- | <ul> | + | | **Imperfect Indicative Active** |
+ | | Stem + //-ba-// + ending (stems ending //-io-// change to // | ||
+ | |Ama- | ||
+ | |Amabam | ||
+ | |Amabas | ||
+ | |Amabat | ||
+ | |Amabamus | ||
+ | |Amabatis | ||
+ | |Amabant | ||
+ | | **Passive** | ||
+ | |Amabar | ||
+ | |Amabaris | ||
+ | |Amabatur | ||
+ | |Amabamur | ||
+ | |Amabamini | ||
+ | |Amabantur | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | **Imperfect Indicative Active**</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | Stem + //-ba-// + ending (stems ending //-io-// change to //-ie-//) </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | // | ||
- | mone- | | ||
- | dice- | | ||
- | capie- | ||
- | audie-</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabam | ||
- | Monebam | ||
- | Dicebam | ||
- | Capiebam | ||
- | Audiebam</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabas | ||
- | Monebas | ||
- | Dicebas | ||
- | Capiebas | ||
- | Audiebas</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabat | ||
- | Monebat | ||
- | Dicebat | ||
- | Capiebat | ||
- | Audiebat</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabamus | ||
- | Monebamus | ||
- | Dicebamus | ||
- | Capiebamus | ||
- | Audiebamus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabatis | ||
- | Monebatis | ||
- | Dicebatis | ||
- | Capiebatis | ||
- | Audiebatis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabant | ||
- | Monebant | ||
- | Dicebant | ||
- | Capiebant | ||
- | Audiebant//</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | **Passive**</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | // | ||
- | Monebar | ||
- | Dicebar | ||
- | Capiebar | ||
- | Audiebar</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabaris | ||
- | Monebaris | ||
- | Dicebaris | ||
- | Capiebaris | ||
- | Audiebatis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabatur | ||
- | Monebatur | ||
- | Dicebatur | ||
- | Capiebatur | ||
- | Audiebatur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabamur | ||
- | Monebamur | ||
- | Dicebamur | ||
- | Capiebamur | ||
- | Audiebamur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabamini | ||
- | Monebamini | ||
- | Dicebamini | ||
- | Capiebamini | ||
- | Audiebamini</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Amabantur | ||
- | Monebantur | ||
- | Dicebantur | ||
- | Capiebantur | ||
- | Audiebantur//</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
// | // | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
Ellipsis - //Boni viri Deum laudant, sed mali (viri) non (laudant).// | Ellipsis - //Boni viri Deum laudant, sed mali (viri) non (laudant).// | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises** | **Exercises** | ||
===Unit 9 - Future=== | ===Unit 9 - Future=== | ||
- | <ul> | + | ^ Future Indicative Active - 1 & 2 ^^ Future Indicative Active 3,4,5 ^^^ |
+ | |Ama- |Mone- | ||
+ | |Amabo | ||
+ | |Amabis | ||
+ | |Amabit | ||
+ | |Amabimus | ||
+ | |Amabitis | ||
+ | |Amabint | ||
+ | ^ Future Indicative Passive - 1 & 2 ^^ Future Indicative Passive 3,4,5 ^^^ | ||
+ | |Amabor | ||
+ | |Amaberis | ||
+ | |Amabitur | ||
+ | |Amabimur | ||
+ | |Amabimini | ||
+ | |Amabintur | ||
- | <div class=" | + | __Infinitive as Subject__ |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Future Indicative Active | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Future Indicative Active 3,4,5</td> | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Ama- | | + | |
- | Mone- | | + | |
- | Duce- | | + | |
- | Cape- | | + | |
- | Audi-</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabo | | + | |
- | Monebo | + | |
- | Ducam | | + | |
- | Faciam | + | |
- | Audiam</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabis | + | |
- | Monebis | + | |
- | Duces | | + | |
- | Facies | + | |
- | Audies</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabit | + | |
- | Monebit | + | |
- | Ducet | | + | |
- | Faciet | + | |
- | Audiet</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabimus | + | |
- | Monebimus | + | |
- | Ducemus | + | |
- | Faciemus | + | |
- | Audiemus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabitis | + | |
- | Monebitis | + | |
- | Ducetis | + | |
- | Facietis | + | |
- | Audietis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabint | + | |
- | Monebint | + | |
- | Ducent | + | |
- | Facient | + | |
- | Audient</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Future Indicative Passive - 1 & 2</ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Future Indicative Passive 3, | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabor | + | |
- | Monebor | + | |
- | Ducar | | + | |
- | Faciam | + | |
- | Audiam</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amaberis | + | |
- | Moneberis | + | |
- | Duceris | + | |
- | Facieris | + | |
- | Audieris</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabitur | + | |
- | Monebitur | + | |
- | Ducetur | + | |
- | Facietur | + | |
- | Audietur</ | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabimur | + | |
- | Monebimur | + | |
- | Ducemur | + | |
- | Faciemur | + | |
- | Audiemur< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabimini | + | |
- | Monebimini | + | |
- | Ducemini | + | |
- | Faciemini | + | |
- | Audiemini< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Amabintur | + | |
- | Monebintur | + | |
- | Ducentur | + | |
- | Facientur | + | |
- | Audientur< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | </table> | + | |
- | </div> | + | |
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises** | **Exercises** | ||
===Unit 10 - Perfect Active=== | ===Unit 10 - Perfect Active=== | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
Used all the time - perfect active stem important - Consistent - If there is **u**, | Used all the time - perfect active stem important - Consistent - If there is **u**, | ||
+ | |laudavi | ||
+ | |habui | ||
+ | |misi |misisti | ||
+ | |audivi | ||
+ | |dixi |dixisti | ||
+ | |veni |venisti | ||
+ | |fui |fuisti | ||
- | <ul> | + | * these two forms are the same as present active indicative |
+ | * **qui quae quod** | ||
+ | __Relative Pronoun__ Case follows use in the clause. Adjectival clauses //Deus, quem laudamus....// | ||
+ | ^. ^Sing M ^Sing F ^Sing N ^Pl M ^Pl F ^Pl N ^ | ||
+ | |Nom Who. |qui |quae |quod |qui |quae |quae | | ||
+ | |Gen. Whose |cuius | ||
+ | |Dat. To/for Whom |cui |cui |cui |quibus | ||
+ | |Acc. Whom |quem |quam |quod |quos |quas |quae | | ||
+ | |Abl. From, By Whom |quo |qua |quo |quibus | ||
- | <div class=" | + | __Suffixes__ + //-cumque// whichever |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | laudavi | + | |
- | laudavisti | + | |
- | laudavit | + | |
- | laudavimus | + | |
- | laudavistis | + | |
- | laudaverunt< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | habui | | + | |
- | habuisti | + | |
- | habuit | + | |
- | habuimus | + | |
- | habuistis | + | |
- | habuerunt< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | misi | | + | |
- | misisti | + | |
- | misit | | + | |
- | misimus | + | |
- | misitis | + | |
- | miserunt< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | audivi | + | |
- | audivisti | + | |
- | audivit | + | |
- | audivimus | + | |
- | audivistis | + | |
- | audiverunt< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | dixi | | + | |
- | dixisti | + | |
- | dixit | | + | |
- | diximus | + | |
- | dixistis | + | |
- | dixerunt< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | veni | | + | |
- | venisti | + | |
- | venit* | + | |
- | venimus* | + | |
- | venistis | + | |
- | venerunt< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | fui | | + | |
- | fuisti | + | |
- | fuit | | + | |
- | fuimus | + | |
- | fuistis | + | |
- | fuerunt</td> | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | </table> | + | |
- | </div> | + | |
- | </ | + | **Exercises: |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | *these two forms are the same as present active indicative | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | **qui quae quod**< | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | . | | + | |
- | Sing M | | + | |
- | Sing F | | + | |
- | Sing N | | + | |
- | Pl M | | + | |
- | Pl F | | + | |
- | Pl N</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Nom Who. | | + | |
- | qui | | + | |
- | quae | | + | |
- | quod | | + | |
- | qui | | + | |
- | quae | | + | |
- | quae</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Gen. Whose | | + | |
- | cuius | | + | |
- | cuius | | + | |
- | cuius | | + | |
- | quorum | + | |
- | quarum | + | |
- | quorum</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Dat. To/for Whom | | + | |
- | cui | | + | |
- | cui | | + | |
- | cui | | + | |
- | quibus | + | |
- | quibus | + | |
- | quibus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Acc. Whom | | + | |
- | quem | | + | |
- | quam | | + | |
- | quod | | + | |
- | quos | | + | |
- | quas | | + | |
- | quae</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Abl. From, By Whom | | + | |
- | quo | | + | |
- | qua | | + | |
- | quo | | + | |
- | quibus | + | |
- | quibus | + | |
- | quibus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
===Unit 11 - Pluperfect=== | ===Unit 11 - Pluperfect=== | ||
- | | + | ^**Pluperfect Active Indicative** = Perfect stem + Imperfect of **esse** |
+ | ^. ^I had loved ^|I had advised | ||
+ | |Singular | ||
+ | |1. | ||
+ | |2. | ||
+ | |3. | ||
+ | |PLURAL | ||
+ | |1. | ||
+ | |2. | ||
+ | |3. | ||
+ | ^**Future Perfect Active Indicative** = Perfect stem + future.act.ind of **esse** | ||
+ | ^SINGULAR | ||
+ | |I shall have loved |I shall have advised | ||
+ | |1. | ||
+ | |2. | ||
+ | |3. | ||
+ | |PLURAL | ||
+ | |1. | ||
+ | |2. | ||
+ | |3. | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | * __Direct quotations__ may have no change, or quia(quoniam) following dixit. It may have a comma. Tense in a quote needn' |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | **Pluperfect Active Indicative** = Perfect stem + Imperfect | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | . | + | |
- | I had loved | | + | |
- | I had advised | + | |
- | I had ruled | | + | |
- | I had taken | | + | |
- | I had heard</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Singular</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 1. | | + | |
- | amaveram | + | |
- | monueram | + | |
- | rexeram | + | |
- | ceperam | + | |
- | audiveram</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 2. | | + | |
- | amaveras | + | |
- | monueras | + | |
- | rexeras | + | |
- | ceperas | + | |
- | audiveras</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 3. | | + | |
- | amaverat | + | |
- | monuerat | + | |
- | rexerat | + | |
- | ceperat | + | |
- | audiverat</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | PLURAL</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 1. | | + | |
- | amaveramus | + | |
- | monueramus | + | |
- | rexeramus | + | |
- | ceperamus | + | |
- | audiveramus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 2. | | + | |
- | amaveratis | + | |
- | monueratis | + | |
- | rexeratis | + | |
- | ceperatis | + | |
- | audiveratis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 3. | | + | |
- | amaverant | + | |
- | monuerant | + | |
- | rexerant | + | |
- | ceperant | + | |
- | audiverant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | **Future Perfect Active Indicative** = Perfect stem + future.act.ind of **esse**</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | SINGULAR</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | I shall have loved | | + | |
- | I shall have advised | + | |
- | I shall have ruled | | + | |
- | I shall have taken | | + | |
- | I shall have heard</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 1. | | + | |
- | amavero | + | |
- | monuero | + | |
- | rexero | + | |
- | cepero | + | |
- | audivero< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 2. | | + | |
- | amaveris | + | |
- | monueris | + | |
- | rexeris | + | |
- | ceperis | + | |
- | audiveris< | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 3. | | + | |
- | amaverit | + | |
- | monuerit | + | |
- | rexerit | + | |
- | ceperit | + | |
- | audiverit</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | PLURAL</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 1. | | + | |
- | amaverimus | + | |
- | monuerimus | + | |
- | rexerimus | + | |
- | ceperimus | + | |
- | audiverimus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 2. | | + | |
- | amaveritis | + | |
- | monueritis | + | |
- | rexeritis | + | |
- | ceperitis | + | |
- | audiveritis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 3. | | + | |
- | amaverint | + | |
- | monuerint | + | |
- | rexerint | + | |
- | ceperint | + | |
- | audiverint</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </div> | + | |
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Beati sumus (e) victoria Domini. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises**1. Quoniam Hebraei (n.pl) columnam (acc.s) flammae (gen.pl) viderunt (3pl perf.ai), etiam hodie (adv) Pascham (acc.s) observant (3pl pres.ai).Because the Hebrews saw a column of flames, even today they observe the Pasch.2. Tunc caeli (n.pl) anti Jesum (acc.s) aperiebantur (3pl Imp.pass.ind).Then the heavens were opened before Jesus.3. Merito (adv) universa creatura (n.s) inocentiam (acc.s) Agni (gen.s) laudaverit (3s fut.perf.act.ind)Rightly every creature will have praised the innocence of the Lamb.4. Aula (n.s) laetitia (Abl.s cause) populi (Gen.s) resultaverat (3s plup.act.ind)The hall had resounded because the joy of the people.5. Jam (adv) Jesus (n.s) populo (dat.s) intrare (inf) in templum (Acc) dixerat (3pl plup.act.ind)Then Jesus had told to the people to enter the temple.6. Cuncti apostoli (n.pl) in cenaculo (abl.s locative) congregaverant (3pl plup.act.ind), | **Exercises**1. Quoniam Hebraei (n.pl) columnam (acc.s) flammae (gen.pl) viderunt (3pl perf.ai), etiam hodie (adv) Pascham (acc.s) observant (3pl pres.ai).Because the Hebrews saw a column of flames, even today they observe the Pasch.2. Tunc caeli (n.pl) anti Jesum (acc.s) aperiebantur (3pl Imp.pass.ind).Then the heavens were opened before Jesus.3. Merito (adv) universa creatura (n.s) inocentiam (acc.s) Agni (gen.s) laudaverit (3s fut.perf.act.ind)Rightly every creature will have praised the innocence of the Lamb.4. Aula (n.s) laetitia (Abl.s cause) populi (Gen.s) resultaverat (3s plup.act.ind)The hall had resounded because the joy of the people.5. Jam (adv) Jesus (n.s) populo (dat.s) intrare (inf) in templum (Acc) dixerat (3pl plup.act.ind)Then Jesus had told to the people to enter the temple.6. Cuncti apostoli (n.pl) in cenaculo (abl.s locative) congregaverant (3pl plup.act.ind), | ||
===Unit 12 - Possum=== | ===Unit 12 - Possum=== | ||
+ | |Present act. ind. |I am able, powerful | ||
+ | |Imperfect act. ind. |I could | ||
+ | |Future act. ind. |I will be able |potero | ||
+ | |Perf act ind | I was able | ||
+ | |Pluperf act.ind. | ||
+ | |Future Perf.act.ind. | ||
- | <ul> | + | **Complementary Infinitive** //Dominum **laudare** possumus// - we can (to) praise the lord. |
+ | **Object Infinitive** //Pueri sciunt **orare**// - the boys know (how) to pray | ||
+ | **Perfect-Passive Stem** | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |to form the |
- | <table border=" | + | |use the appropriate form of esse: |
- | < | + | |meaning |
- | < | + | |
- | Present act. ind. | + | |
- | I am able, powerful | + | |
- | possum | + | |
- | potes | | + | |
- | potest | + | |
- | possumus | + | |
- | potestis | + | |
- | possunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Imperfect act. ind. | | + | |
- | I could | | + | |
- | poteram | + | |
- | poteras | + | |
- | poterat | + | |
- | poseramus | + | |
- | poteratis | + | |
- | poterant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Future act. ind. | | + | |
- | I will be able | + | |
- | potero | + | |
- | poteris | + | |
- | poterit | + | |
- | poterimus | + | |
- | poteritis | + | |
- | poterunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Perf act ind | | + | |
- | I was able | | + | |
- | potui | | + | |
- | potuisti | + | |
- | potuit | + | |
- | potuimus | + | |
- | potuistis | + | |
- | potuerunt </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Pluperf act.ind. | + | |
- | I had been able | | + | |
- | potueram | + | |
- | potueras | + | |
- | potuerat | + | |
- | potueramus | + | |
- | potuatis | + | |
- | potuerant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Future Perf.act.ind. | + | |
- | | + | |
- | potuero | + | |
- | potueris | + | |
- | potuerit | + | |
- | potuerimus | + | |
- | potueritis | + | |
- | potuer**i**nt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ul> | + | **perfect passive participle** - the 4th principal part of the verb. The participle ending will be in the nominative to match the subject. You can substitute fui, fuisti, etc with no change in meaning. = stem + t + ending: lauda + t + us. The perfect participle can also be |
+ | * an adjective Puer laudatus venit or | ||
+ | * a substantive. E.g. Laudatus beatus est. | ||
+ | * an adverbial clause. Puer, laudatus, beatus, est. Because the boy is praised, he is happy. | ||
+ | * //Postquam// + perfect tense (in english it is pluperfect/ | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //Dum// always takes present indicitative Dum operat, orabat. But in english imperfect: while he was working, he was praying. | ||
+ | **Exercises** 1. Per Jesu (acc.s) potentiam (acc.s) Petrus (n.s) valebat (3pl imp.ai) populo (abl.s) debita (acc.pl) dimittere (inf).Through the power of Jesus, Peter was able to release the sins for the people.2. Nunc (adv) dimittis (2s pai) servum (acc.s) tuum.Now you dismiss your servant.3. Certe (adv) Deum (acc.s) laudere (inf) non desinemus (1pl pai). Nam (conj) Dominus (n.s) est in aeternum (acc.s). Amen.Surely we do not cease to praise God for the Lord is forever. Amen.4. Postquam (adv) Paulus (n.s) aulam (acc.s) reliquit (3s perf.ai), sub tectum (acc.s) discipuli (gen.s) venit (3s pai).After Paul quit the hall, he went under the roof of the disciple.5. Eva (n.s) Adae (dat.s) a Deo (abl.s agency) data (n.s).Eve is given to Adam by God.6, Postquam (conj) Christus (n.s) Jesus a mortuis (abl.pl origin) | ||
- | <p id=" | + | ===Unit 13 Perfect Passive=== |
- | **Complementary Infinitive** //Dominum **laudare** possumus// - we can (to) praise the lord.**Object Infinitive** //Pueri sciunt **orare//** - the boys know (how) to pray**Perfect-Passive | + | |
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | to form the | | ||
- | pluperfect passive, | ||
- | perfect passive and | | ||
- | future perfect passive.</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | use the appropriate form of esse: | | ||
- | | ||
- | eram, | | ||
- | ero</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | meaning | ||
- | have been | | ||
- | had been | | ||
- | will have been</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | + the perfect passive participle - the 4th principal part of the verb. The participle ending will be in the nominative to match the subject. You can substitute fui, fuisti, etc with no change in meaning. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **perfect passive participle**: | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | an adjective Puer laudatus venit or | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | a substantive. E.g. Laudatus beatus est. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | an adverbial clause. Puer, laudatus, beatus, est. Because the boy is praised, he is happy.<p id=" | ||
- | // | ||
- | // | ||
- | // | ||
- | // | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Exercises**1. Per Jesu (acc.s) potentiam (acc.s) Petrus (n.s) valebat (3pl imp.ai) populo (abl.s) debita (acc.pl) dimittere (inf).Through the power of Jesus, Peter was able to release the sins for the people.2. Nunc (adv) dimittis (2s pai) servum (acc.s) tuum.Now you dismiss your servant.3. Certe (adv) Deum (acc.s) laudere (inf) non desinemus (1pl pai). Nam (conj) Dominus (n.s) est in aeternum (acc.s). Amen.Surely we do not cease to praise God for the Lord is forever. Amen.4. Postquam (adv) Paulus (n.s) aulam (acc.s) reliquit (3s perf.ai), sub tectum (acc.s) discipuli (gen.s) venit (3s pai).After Paul quit the hall, he went under the roof of the disciple.5. Eva (n.s) Adae (dat.s) a Deo (abl.s agency) data (n.s).Eve is given to Adam by God.6, Postquam (conj) Christus (n.s) Jesus a mortuis (abl.pl origin) | ||
- | |||
- | ===Unit 13 Perfect Passive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
//Duco, ducere, duxi, ductus// lead | //Duco, ducere, duxi, ductus// lead | ||
+ | ^Perfect Indicative Passive - have been ^^ | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um sum |ducti ae a sumus | | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um es |ducti ae a estis | | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um est |ducti ae a sunt | | ||
+ | |Pluperfect Indicative Passive - had been || | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um eram |ducti ae a eramus | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um eras |ducti ae a eratis | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um erat |ducti ae a erant | | ||
+ | |Future Perfect Indicative Passive - Will have been || | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um ero |ducti ae a erimus | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um eris |ducti ae a eritis | ||
+ | |Ductus, a um erit |ducti ae a erunt | | ||
- | <ul> | + | * Can substitute future perfect fuero fueris fuerit, etc with no change in meaning. |
+ | * __Ablative Absolute__ **Noun + Participle** | ||
+ | * Cena (abl.s) praeparata, pueri in domum intraverunt. | ||
+ | * With the dinner prepared, the boys entered the house. Also: because, when, although. There are a lot of English clauses that can be translated with the ablative absolute. | ||
+ | * __Temporal Clauses__ Cum (ubi, ut) Jesus surrexit, apolsoli erant laeti. | ||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | Perfect Indicative Passive - have been</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um sum | | ||
- | ducti ae a sumus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um es | | ||
- | ducti ae a estis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um est | | ||
- | ducti ae a sunt</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | Pluperfect Indicative Passive - had been</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um eram | | ||
- | ducti ae a eramus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um eras | | ||
- | ducti ae a eratis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um erat | | ||
- | ducti ae a erant</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | Future Perfect Indicative Passive - Will have been</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um ero | | ||
- | ducti ae a erimus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um eris | | ||
- | ducti ae a eritis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Ductus, a um erit | | ||
- | ducti ae a erunt</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Can substitute future perfect fuero fueris fuerit, etc with no change in meaning. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Cena (abl.s) praeparata, pueri in domum intraverunt.< | ||
- | With the dinner prepared, the boys entered the house. Also: because, when, although. There are a lot of English clauses that can be translated with the ablative absolute. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises**1. Hymno dicto (abl absolute) apostoli (nom.pl) domum (acc.s) reliquerunt (3pl perf.act.ind)With hymns said, the apostles left the house.2. Antequam (conj) puer (n.s) ad cenam (acc.s) missus est (3s perf.ind.pass), | **Exercises**1. Hymno dicto (abl absolute) apostoli (nom.pl) domum (acc.s) reliquerunt (3pl perf.act.ind)With hymns said, the apostles left the house.2. Antequam (conj) puer (n.s) ad cenam (acc.s) missus est (3s perf.ind.pass), | ||
===Unit 14 Third Declension=== | ===Unit 14 Third Declension=== | ||
- | <ul> | + | * __Third Declension Nouns__ **-is** in the genitive singular: junk declention - anything that doesn' |
- | <p id=" | + | | |nom, gen, dat, acc, abl | nom, gen, dat, acc, abl | |
- | < | + | |masc. fem | -- -is, -i, -em, -e | -es, -um, -ibus, -es, -ibus | |
- | <div class=" | + | | |rex, regis, regi, regem, rege | reges, regum, regibus, reges, regibus |
- | <table border=" | + | | |mater, matris, matri, matrem, matre | matres, matrum, matribus, matres, matribus |
- | < | + | |Neuter |
- | < | + | | |corpus, corporis, -pori, -pus, -pore | -pora, -porum, -poribus, -pora, -poribus |
- | | | + | | -ium masc. fem | -- -is, -i, -em, -e | -es, -ium, -ibus, -es, -ibus | |
- | nom, gen, dat, acc, abl | | + | | -ium masc. fem | pars, partis, parti, partem, parte | partes, part**i**um, |
- | nom, gen, dat, acc, abl </ | + | |Neuter |
- | </ | + | |Neuter |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | masc. fem | | + | |
- | & | + | |
- | -es, -um, -ibus, -es, -ibus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | rex, regis, regi, regem, rege | | + | |
- | reges, regum, regibus, reges, regibus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | mater, matris, matri, matrem, matre | | + | |
- | matres, matrum, matribus, matres, matribus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Neuter | + | |
- | & | + | |
- | -a, -um, -ibus, -a, -ibus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | corpus, corporis, -pori, -pus, -pore | | + | |
- | -pora, -porum, -poribus, -pora, -poribus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | -ium masc. fem | | + | |
- | & | + | |
- | -es, -ium, -ibus, -es, -ibus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | -ium masc. fem | | + | |
- | pars, partis, parti, partem, parte | | + | |
- | partes, part**i**um, | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Neuter | + | |
- | & | + | |
- | -ia, -ium, -ibus, -ia, -ibus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Neuter | + | |
- | mare, maris, mari, mare, mari | | + | |
- | mar**i**a, mar**i**um, maribus, mar**i**a, maribus</ | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
+ | * __Genitive of Description__ describe a noun: people of mercy, people of joyful mind. //homines laeti animi// | ||
+ | * __Ablative of Description__ man of great soul //vir magna anima// | ||
+ | * __Subjective and Objective Genitive__ Genitive may be used as subject or object. //Propter __Dei__ misericordiam __hominum__ gratias agimus.// We give thanks on account of God's pity toward humans. //Amor Dei// (love of God, or love for God) | ||
+ | * __Dative of Reference__ evil to my people: //mala meo populo// - dative of advantage or disadvantage. | ||
+ | * __Apposition__ Noun in apposition - same number and case. | ||
+ | * __Concessive Clauses__ Although //etsi, quamquam// | ||
+ | * Antiquus is all ancient things, vetus refers to old, but it means more in relation to persons vetus vir. | ||
+ | * KULeuven library founded in 1636 with less than 1,000 books, 200 years after the university started. And it was considered at the time to be an important library. | ||
- | </ | + | **Exercises** |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | 1. Quamquam (conj) princeps (n.s) sacerdotum (gen.pl) verba (acc.pl) Jesu (gen.s) audivit (3s perf.ai), inhaesit tamen antiquis (dat.pl) modis, et non credidit (3s perf ai).Although the prince of priests (high priest) heard the words of Jesus, nevertheless he clung to the ancient ways and did not believe.2. In templo (acc.s loc) Jesus (n.s) a libro (abl.s) prophetae (gen.s) orationem (acc.s) legit (3s pres/perf ai).In the temple, Jesus read a prayer from the book of the prophets.3. Ergo (conj) apostuli (n.pl) cibum (acc.pl) collegerunt (3pl perf.ai) et dederunt (3pl perf.ai) populo (dat.s).Therefore the apostles collected food and gave it to the people.4. Scripto libro (abl.s absolute), apostolus (n.s) iterum (adv) venit (3s pres/ | + | |
===Unit 15 Third Declension -i stem=== | ===Unit 15 Third Declension -i stem=== | ||
- | < | + | * Masculine and Feminine |
- | + | * __Partitive Genitive__ | |
- | <p id=" | + | * __Dative |
- | Masculine and Feminine | + | * __Predicate Accusative__ |
- | < | + | * __Cognate Accusative__ |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | **Exercises** |
- | 1. Multi (n.s) hominum (gen.pl) a Jesu (abl.s agency) sanatorum (gen.pl) gratias Deo (dat.s) non egerunt (3pl perf.ai).Many people who were healed by Jesus didn't give thanks to God.2. Joannes (n.s) viam (acc.s) Domini (gen.s) paravit (3s perf.ai); multi (n.pl) Iudaeorum (gen.pl), corde (abl/dat.s) contriti (gen.s / n.pl), a Joanne (abl.s agency) baptisma (acc.pl) aquae (gen.s) acceperunt (3pl perf.act.ind); | + | |
===Unit 16 Third Declension Adjectives=== | ===Unit 16 Third Declension Adjectives=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
+ | * __Third Declension Adjectives__ like 3 declension nouns. All three genders have -i in abl.s, -ium in gen.pl and nom and acc pl of neuter have -ia. | ||
- | | + | |3 endings |
+ | ||SINGULAR | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Nom |acer | acris | acre | acres | acres | acria | | ||
+ | |Gen | acris ||| acrium | ||
+ | |Dat | acri | ||
+ | |Acc |acrem | ||
+ | |Abl | acri | ||
+ | |2 endings | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Nom | omnis | omne | ||
+ | |Gen | omnis | ||
+ | |Dat | omni | ||
+ | |Acc | omnem | ||
+ | |Abl | omni || omnibus | ||
- | <div class=" | + | | one ending |
- | <table border=" | + | |Nom. |
- | < | + | |Gen. |
- | < | + | |Dat. | |
- | 3 endings</ | + | |Acc. |felicem |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |Abl. |
- | SINGULAR | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | MASC. | | + | |
- | FEM. | | + | |
- | NEUT. | + | |
- | MASC. | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | NEUT.</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Nom | + | |
- | acer | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | acres | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Gen </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | acrium//</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Dat </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Acc | | + | |
- | acrem | + | |
- | acrem | + | |
- | acre | | + | |
- | acris, -es | + | |
- | acris, -es | + | |
- | acria</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Abl | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 2 endings</ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | SINGULAR </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | PLURAL</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | + | |
- | M AND F | | + | |
- | NEUT. | | + | |
- | M AND F | | + | |
- | NEUT.</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Nom | | + | |
- | omnis | | + | |
- | omne | | + | |
- | omnes | | + | |
- | omnia</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Gen </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | //omnis </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | omnium//</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Dat </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | //omni </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | omnibus//</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Acc | | + | |
- | omnem | | + | |
- | omne | | + | |
- | omnis, -es | | + | |
- | omnia</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Abl </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | omnibus//</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <div class=" | + | |one ending |
- | <table border=" | + | |. |M AND F |NEUT. |
- | < | + | |Nom. | par |
- | < | + | |Gen. |paris |
- | one ending | + | |Dat. | pari | paribus |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |Acc. |parem |par |paris, -es |
- | SINGULAR | + | |Abl. | pari | paribus |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | PLURAL</td> | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Nom. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | felix </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Gen. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | felicis </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Dat. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | felici | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Acc. | | + | |
- | felicem | + | |
- | | + | |
- | felix | | + | |
- | felices | + | |
- | felicia</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Abl. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | felici </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ul> | + | __Present active participle__ formed by adding -ns to the present stem. In -io verbs of the third conjugation, |
+ | | | ||
+ | | |stem + ns |stem + nt + endings | ||
+ | |1st | ||
+ | |2nd | monens | ||
+ | |3rd |ducens | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4th |audiens | ||
- | <p id=" | + | **Uses:** |
- | par, part STEM pari- BASE par- | + | - Adjectival: //clamans vir// - the shouting man |
+ | - Adverbial: subordinate clauses //vir, clamans, tamen a jesu non auditus est.// The man, though shouting, wasn't heard by jesus. | ||
+ | | ||
+ | - __Fourth Declension Nouns__ ritus, m., ceremony gen..., n., kneeSTEMS ritu- genu-BASES rit- gen- | ||
+ | - No adjectives - both masculine and neuter, only about 4 or 5 feminine. | ||
- | <ul> | + | | |
+ | |MASC. | ||
+ | |NEUT. | ||
- | + | **Exercises** 1. In nomine (abl.s) Patris (gen.s) et Filii (gen.s) et Spiritus (gen.s) Sancti. Amen.In the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit. Amen.2. Et sanguis (n.s) meus (n.s) verus (n.s) est (3s pai) potus (n.s) Jn vi, 55And my blod is true drink.3. Apostoli (n.pl) dederunt (3pl perf.ai) panes (acc.pl) miros hominibus in terra (abl.a) reclinatis ().The apostles gave miracle bread to people reclined on the land.4. Corpus (n.s) vestrum templum (n.s) est (3s pai) Spiritus (gen.s)Sancti, | |
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | one ending </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | SINGULAR </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | PLURAL</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | . | | + | |
- | M AND F | | + | |
- | NEUT. | | + | |
- | M AND F | | + | |
- | NEUT.</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Nom. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | par | | + | |
- | pares | | + | |
- | paria</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Gen. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | paris </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | parium</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Dat. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | pari </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | paribus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Acc. | | + | |
- | parem | | + | |
- | par | | + | |
- | paris, -es | | + | |
- | paria</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Abl. </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | pari </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | paribus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | nominative singular | + | |
- | other cases</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | stem + ns | | + | |
- | stem + nt + endings</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 1st | | + | |
- | laudans | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 2nd | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | monentis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 3rd | | + | |
- | ducens | + | |
- | ducentis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | capiens | + | |
- | capientis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | 4th | | + | |
- | audiens | + | |
- | audientis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Uses: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <ol type=" | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Adjectival: //clamans vir// - the shouting man | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Adverbial: subordinate clauses //vir, clamans, tamen a jesu non auditus est.// The man, though shouting, wasn't heard by jesus. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Ablative Absolute: //Petro in domum intrante....// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | No adjectives - both masculine and neuter, only about 4 or 5 feminine. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Nom | | + | |
- | Gen | | + | |
- | Dat | | + | |
- | Acc | | + | |
- | Abl | | + | |
- | Nom | | + | |
- | Gen | | + | |
- | Dat | | + | |
- | Acc | | + | |
- | Abl </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | MASC. | | + | |
- | rit**us | + | |
- | **rit**us | + | |
- | **rit**ui (u) | | + | |
- | **rit**um | + | |
- | **rit**u (e) | | + | |
- | **rit**us | + | |
- | **rit**uum | + | |
- | **rit**ibus | + | |
- | **rit**us | + | |
- | **rit**ibus**</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | NEUT. | | + | |
- | gen**u | + | |
- | **gen**us | + | |
- | **gen**u (ui) | | + | |
- | **gen**u | + | |
- | **gen**u | + | |
- | **gen**ua | + | |
- | **gen**uum | + | |
- | **gen**ibus | + | |
- | **gen**ua | + | |
- | **gen**ibus**</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | **Exercises**1. In nomine (abl.s) Patris (gen.s) et Filii (gen.s) et Spiritus (gen.s) Sancti. Amen.In the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit. Amen.2. Et sanguis (n.s) meus (n.s) verus (n.s) est (3s pai) potus (n.s) Jn vi, 55And my blod is true drink.3. Apostoli (n.pl) dederunt (3pl perf.ai) panes (acc.pl) miros hominibus in terra (abl.a) reclinatis ().The apostles gave miracle bread to people reclined on the land.4. Corpus (n.s) vestrum templum (n.s) est (3s pai) Spiritus (gen.s)Sancti, | + | |
===Unit 17 Volo and Eo=== | ===Unit 17 Volo and Eo=== | ||
- | <ul> | + | Irregular verb **volo, velle volui** wish |
- | <p id=" | + | |Present |
- | | + | |Imperfect |
- | <div class=" | + | |Future |
- | <table border=" | + | |Perfect |
- | < | + | |Pluperfect |
- | < | + | |Future Perfect |
- | Present | + | |subj Pres |velim |
- | volo | | + | | if the //L// is followed by a vowel, you find an //O// otherwise " |
- | vis | | + | |
- | vult | | + | |
- | volumus | + | |
- | vultis | + | |
- | volunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Imperfect | + | |
- | volebam | + | |
- | volebas | + | |
- | volebat | + | |
- | volebamus | + | |
- | volebatis | + | |
- | volebant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Future | + | |
- | volam | | + | |
- | voles | | + | |
- | volet | | + | |
- | volemus | + | |
- | voletis | + | |
- | volent</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Perfect | + | |
- | volui | | + | |
- | voluisti | + | |
- | voluit | + | |
- | voluimus | + | |
- | voluistis | + | |
- | voluerunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Pluperfect | + | |
- | volueram | + | |
- | volueras | + | |
- | voluerat | + | |
- | volueramus | + | |
- | volueratis | + | |
- | voluerant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | Future Perfect | + | |
- | voluero | + | |
- | volueris | + | |
- | voluerit | + | |
- | voluerimus | + | |
- | volueritis | + | |
- | voluerint</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | subj Pres | | + | |
- | velim | | + | |
- | velis | | + | |
- | velit | | + | |
- | velimus | + | |
- | velitis | + | |
- | velint</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | if the //L// is followed by a vowel, you find an //O// otherwise "U//.</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Present | + | |
- | eo | + | |
- | is | + | |
- | it | + | |
- | imus | + | |
- | itis | + | |
- | eunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Imperfect | + | |
- | ibam | | + | |
- | ibas | | + | |
- | ibat | | + | |
- | ibamus | + | |
- | ibatis | + | |
- | ibant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Future | + | |
- | ibo | | + | |
- | ibis | | + | |
- | ibit | | + | |
- | ibimus | + | |
- | ibitis | + | |
- | ibunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Perfect | + | |
- | ivi | | + | |
- | ivisti | + | |
- | ivit | | + | |
- | ivimus | + | |
- | ivistis | + | |
- | iverunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Pluperfect | + | |
- | iveram | + | |
- | iveras | + | |
- | iverat | + | |
- | iveramus | + | |
- | iveratis | + | |
- | iverant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Future Perfect | + | |
- | ivero | | + | |
- | iveris | + | |
- | iverit | + | |
- | iverimus | + | |
- | iveritis | + | |
- | iverunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Perfect | + | |
- | ii | | + | |
- | isti | | + | |
- | iit | | + | |
- | iimus | | + | |
- | istis | | + | |
- | ierunt</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Pluperfect | + | |
- | ieram | | + | |
- | ieras | | + | |
- | ierat | | + | |
- | ieramus | + | |
- | ieratis | + | |
- | ierant</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Future Perfect | + | |
- | iero | | + | |
- | ieris | | + | |
- | ierit | | + | |
- | ierimus | + | |
- | ieritis | + | |
- | ierint</ | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
+ | Irregular verb **eo, ire, ivi, itus** go | ||
- | </ | + | |Present |
- | </ | + | |Imperfect |
- | <p id=" | + | |Future |
- | < | + | |Perfect |
+ | |Pluperfect | ||
+ | |Future Perfect | ||
+ | |Perfect | ||
+ | |Pluperfect | ||
+ | |Future Perfect | ||
- | <p id=" | + | * __Accustative |
- | < | + | * __Ablative of location__ |
+ | * __Ablative of place from__ with **a (ab, abs), e (ex)** //Paulus venit a Roma// | ||
+ | * __Locative case__ signifying place where; for 1st and 2nd declensions it is the genitive singular / ablative plural. Louvanii, Athenis - 3rd declention always ablative. | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
Peter of Amian first crusade: //Deus Vult// | Peter of Amian first crusade: //Deus Vult// | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises**1. Postquam turbae satis manducaverunt, | **Exercises**1. Postquam turbae satis manducaverunt, | ||
===Unit 18 Future Participles=== | ===Unit 18 Future Participles=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Lauda - tur - us / a / um** fu**tur**e active participle - I am about to praise - active in meaning, so takes a direct object. Convey likelihood or purpose.**Lauda - nd - us / a / um** future passive participle - will be praised - must be praised. | **Lauda - tur - us / a / um** fu**tur**e active participle - I am about to praise - active in meaning, so takes a direct object. Convey likelihood or purpose.**Lauda - nd - us / a / um** future passive participle - will be praised - must be praised. | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |CONJ. I | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |CONJ. II |monens | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |CONJ. III | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |CONJ. IV | ||
+ | | | ||
- | < | + | Present passive and perfect active participles are lacking. |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Participles</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Active</ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Present | + | |
- | Future | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Future</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | CONJ. I | | + | |
- | amans | | + | |
- | amaturus | + | |
- | amatus | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | loving | + | |
- | about to love | | + | |
- | loved, having been loved | | + | |
- | to be loved</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | CONJ. II | | + | |
- | monens | + | |
- | moniturus | + | |
- | monitus | + | |
- | monendus </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | advising | + | |
- | about to advise advised, | + | |
- | having been advised | + | |
- | to be advised </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | CONJ. III | | + | |
- | regens | + | |
- | recturus | + | |
- | rectus | + | |
- | regendus </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | ruling | + | |
- | about to rule | | + | |
- | ruled, having been ruled </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | capiens | + | |
- | capturus | + | |
- | captus | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | taking | + | |
- | about to take | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | CONJ. IV | | + | |
- | audiens | + | |
- | auditurus | + | |
- | auditus | + | |
- | audiendus </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | hearing | + | |
- | about to hear | | + | |
- | heard, having been heard | | + | |
- | to be heard </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | I am going to praise </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Imperfect Active Periphrastic | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | I was intending to praise </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Pluperfect Active Periphrastic | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | I had been about to praise </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | | + | |
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | he must be heard </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Future Passive Periphrastic | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | she will have to be heard </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
+ | Periphrastic conjugations: | ||
+ | | Present Active Periphrastic | ||
+ | |Imperfect Active Periphrastic | ||
+ | |Pluperfect Active Periphrastic | ||
- | </ul> | + | Participles determines voice, the form of //sum// determines person, number, tense and mood. |
+ | | Present Passive Periphrastic | ||
+ | | Future Passive Periphrastic | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
adj //vera religio// | adj //vera religio// | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises**1. Quicumque facit legem secundum Patris voluntatem, aeternam gloriam perventurus est in regno caelorum.Whoever does the law according to the will of the father, is about to come to eternal glory in the reign of heaven.2. Ritu incepto, devoti conveniunt circum festum altare Domini, arte humanitatis factum.When the ceremony begins, the devoted come together around the festive altar of the Lord, made by the skill of humanity.3. Non veni (1s perf.ai) solvere Legem aut Prophetas; non veni solvere, sed adimplere.I did not come to dissolve the law or the prophets, I did not come to dissolve but to fulfill.4. Pater benignus humanitati panem cotidianum semper dat.Good father always gives daily bread to humanity.5. Post Jesu ascensionem apostoli Galilaeae astiterunt, aspicientes in caelos.After the ascension of Jesus, the apostles stood in Galilee, looking into heaven.6. Prima lectione lecta, principium Evangelii secundum Lucam Levitae legendum erat. Lectione finita, populus acclamavit.After the first reading was read, the biginning of the Gospel according to luke was read by the Deacon. The reading being finished, the people cried out.7. Vir autem, Jesum intendens, exclamavit: Quia me salvum facere potes. Concedes (2s fut ai) igitur (conj) indigno (dat.s) homini (dat.s) clementiam (acc.s) tuam?And the man, stretching out to Jesus exclaimed: You can save me. Will you concede your mercy therefore to the unworthy man?8. Sapientia clementiaque Dei omnibus Christianis semper et ubique laudandae sunt.The wisdom and mercy of God must be praised by all christians always and everywhere.9. Etsi in tenebris incedentes, tamen Christum, lumen indeficiens, | **Exercises**1. Quicumque facit legem secundum Patris voluntatem, aeternam gloriam perventurus est in regno caelorum.Whoever does the law according to the will of the father, is about to come to eternal glory in the reign of heaven.2. Ritu incepto, devoti conveniunt circum festum altare Domini, arte humanitatis factum.When the ceremony begins, the devoted come together around the festive altar of the Lord, made by the skill of humanity.3. Non veni (1s perf.ai) solvere Legem aut Prophetas; non veni solvere, sed adimplere.I did not come to dissolve the law or the prophets, I did not come to dissolve but to fulfill.4. Pater benignus humanitati panem cotidianum semper dat.Good father always gives daily bread to humanity.5. Post Jesu ascensionem apostoli Galilaeae astiterunt, aspicientes in caelos.After the ascension of Jesus, the apostles stood in Galilee, looking into heaven.6. Prima lectione lecta, principium Evangelii secundum Lucam Levitae legendum erat. Lectione finita, populus acclamavit.After the first reading was read, the biginning of the Gospel according to luke was read by the Deacon. The reading being finished, the people cried out.7. Vir autem, Jesum intendens, exclamavit: Quia me salvum facere potes. Concedes (2s fut ai) igitur (conj) indigno (dat.s) homini (dat.s) clementiam (acc.s) tuam?And the man, stretching out to Jesus exclaimed: You can save me. Will you concede your mercy therefore to the unworthy man?8. Sapientia clementiaque Dei omnibus Christianis semper et ubique laudandae sunt.The wisdom and mercy of God must be praised by all christians always and everywhere.9. Etsi in tenebris incedentes, tamen Christum, lumen indeficiens, | ||
===Unit 19 Fifth Declension Nouns=== | ===Unit 19 Fifth Declension Nouns=== | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
Nouns of the fifth declension are feminine except //dies//, day, and // | Nouns of the fifth declension are feminine except //dies//, day, and // | ||
+ | |word |stem |base |nom |gen |dat |acc |abl | | ||
+ | |dies |die- |di- |dies |diei |diei |diem |die | | ||
+ | |res |re- |r- |res |rei |rei |rem |re | | ||
+ | |endings | ||
+ | |Plural | ||
+ | |Plural | ||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | word | | ||
- | stem | | ||
- | base | | ||
- | nom | | ||
- | gen | | ||
- | dat | | ||
- | acc | | ||
- | abl</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | dies | | ||
- | die- | | ||
- | di- | | ||
- | dies | | ||
- | diei | | ||
- | diei | | ||
- | diem | | ||
- | die</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | res | | ||
- | re- | | ||
- | r- | | ||
- | res | | ||
- | rei | | ||
- | rei | | ||
- | rem | | ||
- | re</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | endings | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | | ||
- | -ie | | ||
- | -ie | | ||
- | -em | | ||
- | -e</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Plural | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | dies | | ||
- | dierum | ||
- | diebus | ||
- | dies | | ||
- | diebus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Plural | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | res | | ||
- | rerum | | ||
- | rebus | | ||
- | res | | ||
- | rebus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
Imperative Present active - all four conjugations | Imperative Present active - all four conjugations | ||
+ | | | ACTIVE[1] | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |I. |ama, love thou | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |II. | ||
+ | |III. (a) | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |IV. | ||
+ | |sum (irregular) | ||
+ | |eo |i |ite | | ||
- | <ul> | + | * Note the second person present IMP passive is also the second person present IND passive (Singular and Plural) Chapter 7. The verbs //dico//, say; //duco//, lead; and //facio//, make, have the irregular forms //dic - dicite//, //duc - ducite//, and //fac - facite// //fer - ferite//. There is no imperative for //volo// or //possum//. |
+ | * __Vocative__ All like the nominitive except second declension masculine that end in **-e**. Domine, Care apostole. | ||
+ | * Exceptions: second declension **-ius** goes to **-i**, Jesus vocative is Jesu. Agnus and Deus use nominative. Nouns in **-ir** or **-er** use nominative. Meus is either **meus** or **mi**. | ||
+ | * __Personal Pronouns__ | ||
+ | |SINGULAR | ||
+ | |Nom. |ego, I |tu, you | | ||
+ | |Gen. |mei, of me |tui, of you | | ||
+ | |Dat. | ||
+ | |Acc. |me, me |te, you | | ||
+ | |Abl. |me, with, from me |te, with, from you | | ||
+ | |PLURAL | ||
+ | |Nom. |nos, we |vos, you | | ||
+ | |Gen. | ||
+ | |Dat. | ||
+ | |Acc. |nos, us |vos, you | | ||
+ | |Abl. | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | ACTIVE[1] </ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | PASSIVE</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | PLURAL | + | |
- | | + | |
- | PLURAL</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | I. | | + | |
- | ama, love thou | | + | |
- | amate, love ye | | + | |
- | amare, | + | |
- | amamini,</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | lauda, praise! | + | |
- | laudate, praise! | + | |
- | laudare | + | |
- | laudamini be praised! </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | II. | | + | |
- | mone, advise thou | | + | |
- | monete, advise ye | | + | |
- | monere, | + | |
- | monemini,</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | III. (a) | | + | |
- | rege, rule thou | | + | |
- | regite, rule ye | | + | |
- | regere, | + | |
- | regimini,< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | + | |
- | cape, take thou | | + | |
- | capite, take ye | | + | |
- | capere, | + | |
- | capimini,</td> | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | IV. | | + | |
- | audi, hear thou | | + | |
- | audite, hear ye | | + | |
- | audire, | + | |
- | audimini,< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | sum (irregular) | + | |
- | es, esto, be thou | | + | |
- | este, estote, be ye | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </td> | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | eo | | + | |
- | i | | + | |
- | ite | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | </td> | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | </table> | + | |
- | </div> | + | |
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Note the second person present IMP passive is also the second person present IND passive (Singular and Plural) Chapter 7. The verbs //dico//, say; //duco//, lead; and //facio//, make, have the irregular forms //dic - dicite//, //duc - ducite//, and //fac - facite// //fer - ferite//. There is no imperative for //volo// or // | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | SINGULAR</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | FIRST PERSON | ||
- | | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Nom. | | ||
- | ego, I | | ||
- | tu, you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Gen. | | ||
- | mei, of me | | ||
- | tui, of you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Dat. | | ||
- | mihi, to or for me | | ||
- | tibi, to or for you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Acc. | | ||
- | me, me | | ||
- | te, you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Abl. | | ||
- | me, with, from me | | ||
- | te, with, from you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | PLURAL</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Nom. | | ||
- | nos, we | | ||
- | vos, you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Gen. | | ||
- | nostrum or nostri, of us | | ||
- | vestrum or vestri, of you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Dat. | | ||
- | nobis, to or for us | | ||
- | vobis, to or for you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Acc. | | ||
- | nos, us | | ||
- | vos, you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Abl. | | ||
- | nobis, witi, from us | | ||
- | vobis, with, from you</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | //Secundus, a, um// - but secundum can also be in declinable prepositional: | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises**1. Agnus Dei, qui tollis (2s pai) peccata mundi, dona nobis pacem.Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, give us peace.2. Fili, dimittuntur tibi peccata tua.Child, your sin is forgiven you.3. Deinde dilectus apostolus discipulis dixit res quae in secunda die inciderant (3ps plup.act.ind) Hierosolymis.Then the beloved apostle said to the disciples the things that had happened the second day in Jerusalem.4. Panis autem, quem ego dabo, caro mea est pro mundi vita.And the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world.5. Dominus (n.s) vobiscum (abl.pl). Et cum spiritu (abl.pl) tuo. Sursum corda (acc.pl). Habemus ad Dominum (acc.s).The Lord be with you. And with your spirit. Lift up (your) hearts. We have (lifted them) to the Lord.6.Curans (pres.act.ppl) nos (acc.pl), Jesus (n.s) in latere (abl.s) vulneratus est (3s perf.pass.ind) et effudit (3s perf.ai) sanguinem (acc.s) salutis (gen.s).Caring for us, Jesus was wounded in the side and he shed blood of salvation.7. Benedicta (n.s) tu (n.s) inter mulieres (acc.pl). Lk i, 42Blest are you among women.8. A quibus (abl.pl) custodientes (acc.pl) vos bene agetis (2pl fut.ai). Acts xv, 29You will do well guarding (refraining) from them.9. Tu (n.s) credis (2s pai) in filium (acc.s) hominis (gen.s)? Jn ix, 35Do you believe in the son of man.10. Effundentes (n/acc.pl) preces nostras, desideramus (1pl pai) fideles (n/ | **Exercises**1. Agnus Dei, qui tollis (2s pai) peccata mundi, dona nobis pacem.Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, give us peace.2. Fili, dimittuntur tibi peccata tua.Child, your sin is forgiven you.3. Deinde dilectus apostolus discipulis dixit res quae in secunda die inciderant (3ps plup.act.ind) Hierosolymis.Then the beloved apostle said to the disciples the things that had happened the second day in Jerusalem.4. Panis autem, quem ego dabo, caro mea est pro mundi vita.And the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world.5. Dominus (n.s) vobiscum (abl.pl). Et cum spiritu (abl.pl) tuo. Sursum corda (acc.pl). Habemus ad Dominum (acc.s).The Lord be with you. And with your spirit. Lift up (your) hearts. We have (lifted them) to the Lord.6.Curans (pres.act.ppl) nos (acc.pl), Jesus (n.s) in latere (abl.s) vulneratus est (3s perf.pass.ind) et effudit (3s perf.ai) sanguinem (acc.s) salutis (gen.s).Caring for us, Jesus was wounded in the side and he shed blood of salvation.7. Benedicta (n.s) tu (n.s) inter mulieres (acc.pl). Lk i, 42Blest are you among women.8. A quibus (abl.pl) custodientes (acc.pl) vos bene agetis (2pl fut.ai). Acts xv, 29You will do well guarding (refraining) from them.9. Tu (n.s) credis (2s pai) in filium (acc.s) hominis (gen.s)? Jn ix, 35Do you believe in the son of man.10. Effundentes (n/acc.pl) preces nostras, desideramus (1pl pai) fideles (n/ | ||
===Unit 20 Deponents & Subjunctive=== | ===Unit 20 Deponents & Subjunctive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
Defective verbs: A number of verbs are passive in form but active in meaning but they are less deponent that you might think since there is a passive sense to them, being acted on by an outside cause. Example: //hortor, //I encourage//; | Defective verbs: A number of verbs are passive in form but active in meaning but they are less deponent that you might think since there is a passive sense to them, being acted on by an outside cause. Example: //hortor, //I encourage//; | ||
+ | |Conj. I | ||
+ | | |miror, mirari, -- miratus sum, wonder at, admire | ||
+ | |Conj. II | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Conj. III (a) | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Conj. IV |partior, partiri, partitus sum, share, divide | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |* __Semideponent__ Deponent only in their perfect system. || | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | |confido, confidere, -- confisus sum, trust | | ||
+ | * Subjunctive Mood = four tenses: present, perfect, imperfect, pluperfect. The negative is **ne**. It can be introduced by a sign-word such as utinam or ut. Exact meaning is determined by use. | ||
- | <ul> | + | |Conjugation |
+ | | |**Active Voice** | ||
+ | |**-e-** replaces the stem vowel **-a-**. | ||
+ | |I | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |**-a-** replaces the stem vowel **-e-**. | ||
+ | |II | ||
+ | |IIIa | ||
+ | |IIIb | ||
+ | |IV | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |I |amer | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |II |monear | ||
+ | |IIIa | ||
+ | |IIIb | ||
+ | |IV | ||
+ | - __Direct commands__ or requests: __**Subjunctive mode expresses Hesitation, exhortation, | ||
+ | - **Hortatory Subjunctive** present subjunctive first person, when rousing onself to action : //Cantemus domino canticum novum.// Let us sing to the Lord a new song! // | ||
+ | - **Optative Subjunctive** present subjunctive, | ||
+ | - **Jussive Future Indicative** future indicative, for commands binding now and in the future: //Diliges proximum tuum.// You shall love your neighbor. | ||
+ | - **Jussive Subjunctive** Present subjunctive 3rd person. Translate: " | ||
+ | - **Direct quotes**: Deliberative Subjunctive. Translate "Am I to..." "Are we to..." " | ||
+ | - **Conditional Clauses** if, unless, when, should - all express a hesitation. Main clause is the apodosis, the conditional clause is the protasis. Introduced with //Si// or //nisi// | ||
+ | - **Simple conditional** - no implication about fulfillment. //Si Dominum invocamus, nos audit.// If we call upon the Lord, He hears us. //Nisi legem faciabant, non justi erant.// If they were not keeping the law, they were not righteous. | ||
+ | - **Future conditional** - more or less vivid, depends on likelihood or confidence with which the speaker sees the action. | ||
+ | - **More Vivid** if (future indicative, also subjunctive translated with english present) ... then (subjunctive). //Si voluntatem Dei faciet, salvus efficietur.// | ||
+ | - **Less Vivid** If (present subjunctive) ... then (present indicative or present subjunctive). //Si agnus unus amittatur, pastor bonus est maestus.// If one lamb should be lost, the good shepherd is sad. //Si Petrus domum intret, fratres orantes videat.// If peter should enter the house, he would see his brothers praying.' | ||
+ | **Exercises** 1. Filius (n.s) hominis (gen.s) traditur (3s pres.pass.ind) in manus (abl.pl) peccatorum (gen.pl).The Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.2. Praeceptis (abl.pl) salutaribus moniti (abl.pl), audemus (1pl pres.act.subj) dicere (inf):As taught by the saving precepts, let us dare to say:3. Pater noster, qui es in caelis, sanctificetur nomen tuum.Our father who art in heaven, hallowed be your name.4. Miseri (n.pl) deprecemur (1pl pres.pass.subj) Dominum (acc.s) scelera nostra fugare (inf/ | ||
- | <div class=" | + | ===Unit 21=== |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Conj. I | | + | |
- | hortor, hortari, hortatus sum, encourage</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | miror, mirari, & | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Conj. II | | + | |
- | vereor, vereri, veritus sum, fear</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | misereor, misereri, & | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Conj. III (a) | | + | |
- | sequor, sequi, secutus sum, follow</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | nascor, nasci, & | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | + | |
- | patior, pati, passus sum, suffer, allow</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Conj. IV | | + | |
- | partior, partiri, partitus sum, share, divide</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | orior, oriri, & | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ul> | + | **Exercises** 1. Si ergo filius vos liberaverit, |
+ | ===Unit 22 Imperfect Subjunctive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | audeo, audere, & | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | gaudeo, gaudere, & | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | confido, confidere, & | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Subjunctive Mood = four tenses: present, perfect, imperfect, pluperfect. The negative is **ne**. It can be introduced by a sign-word such as utinam or ut. Exact meaning is determined by use. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Conjugation</ | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | **Active Voice**</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | **-e-** replaces the stem vowel **-a-**.</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | I | | ||
- | | ||
- | | ||
- | | ||
- | amemus | ||
- | ametis | ||
- | ament </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | laudem | ||
- | laudes | ||
- | laudet | ||
- | laudemus | ||
- | laudetis | ||
- | laudent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | **-a-** replaces the stem vowel **-e-**.</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | II | | ||
- | moneam | ||
- | moneas | ||
- | moneat | ||
- | moneamus | ||
- | moneatis | ||
- | moneant</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | IIIa | | ||
- | regam | | ||
- | regas | | ||
- | regat | | ||
- | regamus | ||
- | regatis | ||
- | regant </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | IIIb | | ||
- | capiam | ||
- | capias | ||
- | capiat | ||
- | capiamus | ||
- | capiatis | ||
- | capiant</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | IV | | ||
- | audiam | ||
- | audias | ||
- | audiat | ||
- | audiamus | ||
- | audiatis | ||
- | audiant </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <td colspan=" | ||
- | **Passive Voice**</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | I | | ||
- | amer | | ||
- | ameris | ||
- | ametur | ||
- | amemur | ||
- | amemini | ||
- | amentur </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | lauder | ||
- | lauderis (-re) | | ||
- | laudetur | ||
- | laudemur | ||
- | laudemini | ||
- | laudentur </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | II | | ||
- | monear | ||
- | monearis | ||
- | moneatur | ||
- | | ||
- | moneamini | ||
- | moneantur </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | IIIa | | ||
- | regar | | ||
- | regaris | ||
- | regatur | ||
- | regamur | ||
- | regamini | ||
- | regantur </td> | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | IIIb | | ||
- | capiar | ||
- | caparis | ||
- | capiatur | ||
- | capiamur | ||
- | capiamini | ||
- | capiantur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | < | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | IV | | ||
- | audiar | ||
- | audiaris | ||
- | audiatur | ||
- | audiamur | ||
- | audiamini | ||
- | audiantur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Hortatory Subjunctive** present subjunctive first person, when rousing onself to action : //Cantemus domino canticum novum.// Let us sing to the Lord a new song! // | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | **Optative Subjunctive** present subjunctive, | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | **Jussive Future Indicative** future indicative, for commands binding now and in the future: //Diliges proximum tuum.// You shall love your neighbor. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | **Jussive Subjunctive** Present subjunctive 3rd person. Translate: " | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | **Direct quotes**: Deliberative Subjunctive. Translate "Am I to..." "Are we to..." " | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | **Conditional Clauses** if, unless, when, should - all express a hesitation. Main clause is the apodosis, the conditional clause is the protasis. Introduced with //Si// or //nisi// | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Simple conditional** - no implication about fulfillment. //Si Dominum invocamus, nos audit.// If we call upon the Lord, He hears us. //Nisi legem faciabant, non justi erant.// If they were not keeping the law, they were not righteous. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Future conditional** - more or less vivid, depends on likelihood or confidence with which the speaker sees the action. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **More Vivid** if (future indicative, also subjunctive translated with english present) ... then (subjunctive). //Si voluntatem Dei faciet, salvus efficietur.// | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Less Vivid** If (present subjunctive) ... then (present indicative or present subjunctive). //Si agnus unus amittatur, pastor bonus est maestus.// If one lamb should be lost, the good shepherd is sad. //Si Petrus domum intret, fratres orantes videat.// If peter should enter the house, he would see his brothers praying.' | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Exercises**1. Filius (n.s) hominis (gen.s) traditur (3s pres.pass.ind) in manus (abl.pl) peccatorum (gen.pl).The Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.2. Praeceptis (abl.pl) salutaribus moniti (abl.pl), audemus (1pl pres.act.subj) dicere (inf):As taught by the saving precepts, let us dare to say:3. Pater noster, qui es in caelis, sanctificetur nomen tuum.Our father who art in heaven, hallowed be your name.4. Miseri (n.pl) deprecemur (1pl pres.pass.subj) Dominum (acc.s) scelera nostra fugare (inf/ | ||
- | |||
- | ===Unit 21=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Exercises**1. Si ergo filius vos liberaverit, | ||
- | |||
- | ===Unit 22 Imperfect Subjunctive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
All imperfect subjunctives are formed with the infinitive + personal endings (active and passive). Deponents form the subjunctive imperfect //as if// they had an active infinitive. | All imperfect subjunctives are formed with the infinitive + personal endings (active and passive). Deponents form the subjunctive imperfect //as if// they had an active infinitive. | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |Subjunctive Imperfect Active |
- | <table border=" | + | |amarem |
- | <tr id=" | + | |monerem |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |regerem |
- | Subjunctive Imperfect Active</ | + | |caperem |
- | </ | + | |audirem |
- | <tr id=" | + | |Subjunctive Imperfect Passive |
- | <td> | + | |amarer |
- | amarem | + | |monerer |
- | amares | + | |regerer |
- | amaret | + | |caperer |
- | amaremus | + | |audirer |
- | amaretis | + | |
- | amarent</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | monerem | + | |
- | moneres | + | |
- | moneret | + | |
- | moneremus | + | |
- | moneretis | + | |
- | monerent</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | regerem | + | |
- | regeres | + | |
- | regeret | + | |
- | regeremus | + | |
- | regeretis | + | |
- | regerent</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | caperem | + | |
- | caperes | + | |
- | caperet | + | |
- | caperemus | + | |
- | caperetis | + | |
- | caperent</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | audirem | + | |
- | audires | + | |
- | audiret | + | |
- | audiremus | + | |
- | audiretis | + | |
- | audirent</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Subjunctive Imperfect Passive</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | amarer | + | |
- | amareris | + | |
- | amaretur | + | |
- | amaremur | + | |
- | amaremini | + | |
- | amarentur</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | monerer | + | |
- | monereris | + | |
- | moneretur | + | |
- | moneremur | + | |
- | moneremini | + | |
- | monerentur</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | regerer | + | |
- | regereris | + | |
- | regeretur | + | |
- | regeremur | + | |
- | regeremini | + | |
- | regerentur</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | caperer | + | |
- | capereris | + | |
- | caperetur | + | |
- | caperemur | + | |
- | caperemini | + | |
- | caperentur</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | audirer | + | |
- | audireris | + | |
- | audiretur | + | |
- | audiremur | + | |
- | audiremini | + | |
- | audirentur</ | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
+ | __Tenses in Subordinate Clauses__ | ||
- | </ | + | - primary tenses: present, future, future perfect, perfect (completed)<p id="l1570"> |
- | </ | + | - secondary tenses: imperfect, pluperfect, perfect (simple) |
- | <p id="l1568"> | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | primary tenses: present, future, future perfect, perfect (completed)< | ||
- | secondary tenses: imperfect, pluperfect, perfect (simple) | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
Relation between tense of the main clause and the tense of the subjunctive clause: | Relation between tense of the main clause and the tense of the subjunctive clause: | ||
+ | - If the **main clause** is in **primary tenses**, the present subjunctive or the perfect subjunctive is used in the subordinate: | ||
+ | - If the **main clause** in **secondary tenses**, subordinent clause is in the imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive: | ||
+ | |Independent Clause | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |**Primary tense**: present, future, perfect (completed), | ||
+ | |**Secondary tense** imperfect, perfect (simple) pluperfect | ||
- | < | + | __Abverbial |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | If the **main clause** is in **primary tenses**, the present subjunctive or the perfect subjunctive is used in the subordinate: | + | |
- | If the **main clause** in **secondary tenses**, subordinent clause is in the imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | Independent Clause</ | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Subordinate Clause</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | Contemporary < | + | |
- | Subsequent | + | |
- | Prior</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | **Primary tense**: present, future, perfect (completed), | + | |
- | Present Subjunctive | + | |
- | Perfect Subjunctive</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | **Secondary tense** imperfect, perfect (simple) pluperfect | + | |
- | Imperfect Subjunctive | + | |
- | Pluperfect Subjunctive</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Exam text from new testament in latin 15-20 lines. 15 forms forms in italics to be parsed. Correcting exam - partial credit for parsing. | + | |
<p id=" | <p id=" | ||
- | **Exercises**1. Non enim misit (3s perf.ai) me (acc/abl.s) Christus (n.s) baptizare (inf) sed evangelizare.For Christ did not send me to baptize but to evangelize.2. Planctus (n.s) mulierum (gen.pl) ad lacrimas (acc.pl) et curam () Jesum movit (3s .Lamentations of the women moved Jesus to tears and care.3. Omnis (n.s) ergo (conj) qui confitebitur (3s fut.dep.ind) me (acc.s) coram hominibus (abl.pl), confitebor (1s fut.ai) et ego eum coram Patre (abl.s) meo, qui est in caelis (abl.s).Therefore all who will confess me in the presence of humanity, I will confess them in the presence of my father who is in heaven.4. Tollat (3s pres.subj.act) crucem (acc.s) et sequatur (3s pres.dep.subj) me.Let him take up the cross and follow me.5. Non veni (1s pai) vocare (inf) justos (acc.pl) sed peccatores (acc.pl).I have not come to the just but to the sinners.6. Commune | + | **Exercises** 1. Non enim misit (3s perf.ai) me (acc/abl.s) Christus (n.s) baptizare (inf) sed evangelizare.For Christ did not send me to baptize but to evangelize.2. Planctus (n.s) mulierum (gen.pl) ad lacrimas (acc.pl) et curam () Jesum movit (3s .Lamentations of the women moved Jesus to tears and care.3. Omnis (n.s) ergo (conj) qui confitebitur (3s fut.dep.ind) me (acc.s) coram hominibus (abl.pl), confitebor (1s fut.ai) et ego eum coram Patre (abl.s) meo, qui est in caelis (abl.s).Therefore all who will confess me in the presence of humanity, I will confess them in the presence of my father who is in heaven.4. Tollat (3s pres.subj.act) crucem (acc.s) et sequatur (3s pres.dep.subj) me.Let him take up the cross and follow me.5. Non veni (1s pai) vocare (inf) justos (acc.pl) sed peccatores (acc.pl).I have not come to the just but to the sinners.6. Commune |
===Unit 23 Demonstrative Pronouns=== | ===Unit 23 Demonstrative Pronouns=== | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
Present Subjunctive of //sum// and // | Present Subjunctive of //sum// and // | ||
- | <p id=" | + | __Demonstrative Pronouns__ |
- | < | + | |
- | <div class=" | + | |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | n | | + | |
- | gen | | + | |
- | dat | | + | |
- | acc | | + | |
- | abl | | + | |
- | n | | + | |
- | gen | | + | |
- | dat | | + | |
- | acc | | + | |
- | abl</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | hic | | + | |
- | huius | | + | |
- | huic | | + | |
- | hunc | | + | |
- | hoc | | + | |
- | hi | | + | |
- | horum | | + | |
- | his | | + | |
- | hos | | + | |
- | his</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | haec | | + | |
- | huius | | + | |
- | huic | | + | |
- | hanc | | + | |
- | hac | | + | |
- | hae | | + | |
- | harum | | + | |
- | his | | + | |
- | has | | + | |
- | his</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | hoc | | + | |
- | huius | | + | |
- | huic | | + | |
- | hoc | | + | |
- | hoc | | + | |
- | haec | | + | |
- | horum | | + | |
- | his | | + | |
- | haec | | + | |
- | his</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | ille | | + | |
- | illius | + | |
- | illi | | + | |
- | illum | | + | |
- | illo | | + | |
- | illi | | + | |
- | illorum | + | |
- | illis | | + | |
- | illos | | + | |
- | illis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | illa | | + | |
- | illius | + | |
- | illi | | + | |
- | illam | | + | |
- | illa | | + | |
- | illae | | + | |
- | illarum | + | |
- | illis | | + | |
- | illas | | + | |
- | illis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | illud | | + | |
- | illius | + | |
- | illi | | + | |
- | illud | | + | |
- | illo | | + | |
- | illa | | + | |
- | illorum | + | |
- | illis | | + | |
- | illa | | + | |
- | illis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | is | | + | |
- | eius | | + | |
- | ei | | + | |
- | eum | | + | |
- | eo | | + | |
- | ei | | + | |
- | eorum | | + | |
- | eis | | + | |
- | eos | | + | |
- | eis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | ea | | + | |
- | eius | | + | |
- | ei | | + | |
- | eam | | + | |
- | ea | | + | |
- | eae | | + | |
- | earum | | + | |
- | eis | | + | |
- | eas | | + | |
- | eis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | id | | + | |
- | eius | | + | |
- | ei | | + | |
- | id | | + | |
- | eo | | + | |
- | ea | | + | |
- | eorum | | + | |
- | eis | | + | |
- | ea | | + | |
- | eis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | iste | | + | |
- | istius | + | |
- | isti | | + | |
- | istum | | + | |
- | isto | | + | |
- | isti | | + | |
- | istorum | + | |
- | istis | | + | |
- | istos | | + | |
- | istis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | ista | | + | |
- | istius | + | |
- | isti | | + | |
- | istam | | + | |
- | ista | | + | |
- | istae | | + | |
- | istarum | + | |
- | istis | | + | |
- | istas | | + | |
- | istis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | istud | | + | |
- | istius | + | |
- | isti | | + | |
- | istud | | + | |
- | isto | | + | |
- | ista | | + | |
- | istorum | + | |
- | istis | | + | |
- | ista | | + | |
- | istis</ | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
+ | |n |gen |dat |acc |abl |n |gen |dat |acc |abl | | ||
+ | |hic |huius | ||
+ | |haec |huius | ||
+ | |hoc |huius | ||
+ | |ille |illius | ||
+ | |illa |illius | ||
+ | |illud | ||
+ | |is |eius |ei |eum |eo |ei |eorum | ||
+ | |ea |eius |ei |eam |ea |eae |earum | ||
+ | |id |eius |i |id |eo |ea |eorum | ||
+ | |iste |istius | ||
+ | |ista |istius | ||
+ | |istud | ||
- | </ | + | __Result Clauses__ |
- | </ | + | - **Adverbial**: |
- | <p id=" | + | - **Relative**: |
- | < | + | - **Special verbs**: facere, efficere and volere can take subjunctive: |
+ | - **Characterizing Relative** expresses typical action or characteristic: | ||
+ | **Exercises** 1. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc et semper, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. Glory to the father and to the son and to the holy spirit, as it was in the beginning, and now and always, and forever, amen.2. Hoc (acc.s) facite (imp.pl) in meam (acc.s) commemorationem. Do this in my commemoration.3. Ille (n.s) vos (acc.pl) docebit (3s fut.ai) omnia (acc.pl). That one will teach you all things.4. Scimus autem quoniam diligentibus (dat/ | ||
- | <ol type=" | + | ===Unit 24 Ipse and Gerundives=== |
- | < | + | __Present Subjunctive__ of go //eo: eam eas eat eamus eatis eant// ; and wish //volo: velim, velis, velit, velimus, velitis, velint.// |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | **Adverbial**: | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | **Relative**: answers who and what, and //qui, quae, quod// replaces //ut//. //Deus mundum sic dilexit, qui Filium mitteret.// God so loved the world that he sent his Son. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | **Special verbs**: facere, efficere and volere can take subjunctive: | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | **Characterizing Relative** expresses typical action or characteristic: | + | |
- | </li> | + | __Intensive pronoun/adjective: //ipse//__ e.g. myself |
- | </ol> | + | |ipse |ipsius |
+ | |ipsa |ipsius | ||
+ | |ipsum | ||
+ | * //Ego ipse hoc feci// I did this myself. Also //-met// //Egomet hoc feci// | ||
+ | * __Present Contrafactual__ If x were, y would. //Si paulus esset hic, felices essemus.// If paul were here, we would be happy. The protasis is in the imperfect conditional, | ||
+ | * __Gerundive__ The future passive participle //-ndus// can be a verbal adjective modifying anything but nominative (which is passive periphrastic). Latin has passive contruction where english prefers the active: //Petro erat desiderium Pauli videndi// Peter is desirous of seeing paul. //Joannes venit ad populum baptizandum.// | ||
- | <p id=" | + | **Exercises** 1. Beati mites, quoniam ipsi possidebunt terram. Blessed the meek, because they will possess the earth.2. Et praecepit turbae sedere super terram. And he commmanded |
- | **Exercises**1. | + | |
- | ===Unit | + | ===Unit |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | ipse | | ||
- | ipsius | ||
- | ipsi | | ||
- | ipsum | | ||
- | ipso | | ||
- | ipsi | | ||
- | ipsorum | ||
- | ipsis | | ||
- | ipsos | | ||
- | ipsis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | ipsa | | ||
- | ipsius | ||
- | ipsi | | ||
- | ipsam | | ||
- | ipsa | | ||
- | ipsae | | ||
- | ipsarum | ||
- | ipsis | | ||
- | ipsas | | ||
- | ipsis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | ipsum | | ||
- | ipsius | ||
- | ipsi | | ||
- | ipsum | | ||
- | ipso | | ||
- | ipsa | | ||
- | ipsorum | ||
- | ipsis | | ||
- | ipsa | | ||
- | ipsis</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | //Ego ipse hoc feci// I did this myself. Also //-met// //Egomet hoc feci// | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Exercises**1. Beati mites, quoniam ipsi possidebunt terram. Blessed the meek, because they will possess the earth.2. Et praecepit turbae sedere super terram. And he commmanded the crowd to sit on the earth.3. Ut autem sciatis quia potestatem habet Filius hominis in terra dimittendi peccata. Tibi dico: Surge, tolle grabatum tuum et vade in domum tuam. And that you may know that the son of man has power on earth of forgiving sins, To you I say: rise, take your mat and go to your home.4. Et hymno dicto, exierunt in montem Oliveti. After saying hymns they went out to the mount of olives.5. Illo die in nomine meu petetis, et non dico vobis, quia ego rogaboPatrem de vobis; ipse enim Pater amat vos, quia vos me amastis et credidistis quia ego Deo exivi. Exivi a Patre et veni in mundum; iterum relinquo mundum et vado ad Patrem. That day you will ask in my name and I do not say to you that I will ask the father for you, the fater loves you yourselves since you love me and believe that I have come out from God. I have come out from the Father and I came into the world, and again I relinquish the world and I go to the father.6. Videte autem vosmetipsos. Look at yourselves.7. Salvum fac temetipsum descendens de cruce. Save your self, coming down from the cross.8. O Domine, Creator Spiritus, accende in cordibus nostris ignem dilectionis tuae. O Lord, creator spirit, kindle in our hearts the fire of your love.9. Prophetae ad sensum Dei illustrandum cecinerunt. The prophets sang explaining the mind of God.10. Jesu reposito, quinque mulieres plangebant valde. When Jesus was brought back, 5 women were lamenting greatly.11. Vere homo hic Filius Dei erat. Truly this man was the son of god.12. In hoc enim vocati estis, quia et Christus passus est pro vobis vobis reliquens exemplum ut sequamini vestigia ejus. In this you are called, that Christ suffered for you and left you an example that you might follow in his footsteps.13. Pauci, id est octo animae, salvae factae sunt per aquam. Few, it is 8 spirits, are saved through water.14. Se quemadmodum communicatis Christi passionibus, | ||
- | |||
- | ===Unit 25 Pluperfect Subjunctive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Subjunctive mood expresses Hesitation, exhortation, | **Subjunctive mood expresses Hesitation, exhortation, | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | laudavissem | ||
- | laudavisses | ||
- | laudavisset | ||
- | laudavissemus | ||
- | laudavissetis | ||
- | laudavissent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | monuissem | ||
- | monuisses | ||
- | monuisset | ||
- | monuissemus | ||
- | monuissetis | ||
- | monuissent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | duxissem | ||
- | duxisses | ||
- | duxisset | ||
- | duxissemus | ||
- | duxissetis | ||
- | duxissent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | cepissem | ||
- | cepisses | ||
- | cepisset | ||
- | cepissemus | ||
- | cepissetis | ||
- | cepissent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | audivissem | ||
- | audivisses | ||
- | audivisset | ||
- | audivissemus | ||
- | audivissetis | ||
- | audivissent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | issem | | ||
- | isses | | ||
- | isset | | ||
- | issemus | ||
- | issetis | ||
- | issent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | The passive pluperfect subjunctive is the perfect passive participle and the imperfect subjunctive of sum. ...that I might have been praised, advised, led, taken, heard...// | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |laudavissem |
- | < | + | |monuissem |
+ | |duxissem | ||
+ | |cepissem | ||
+ | |audivissem | ||
+ | |issem | ||
+ | * The passive pluperfect subjunctive is the perfect passive participle and the imperfect subjunctive of sum. ...that I might have been praised, advised, led, taken, heard...// | ||
+ | * __Conditional Clauses__ Past contrafactal 'if I had known you were sick (but I did not), I would have... In latin use pluperfect subjunctive in the protasis, the apososis (main clause) may use pluperfect subjunctive as well. If ... had ... would have .... //Si paulus fuisset hic, felices fuissemus.// | ||
+ | * Present: ...would that ... were. or I wish that ... were ....<p id=" | ||
+ | * Past: //Utinam petrus adhunc viveret.// I wish that Peter were still living. | ||
- | <ul> | + | **Exercises** 1. O certe (adv) necessarium adae (gen.s) peccatum, quod Christi morte delectum est. O most necessary sin of adam, that Christ is delivered to death.2. Per ipsum (acc.s), et cum ipso (abl.s), et in ipso, est tibi (dat.s) Deo Patri omnipotenti, |
- | <p id=" | + | ===Unit 26 Perfect Subjunctive=== |
- | | + | |
- | Past: //Utinam petrus adhunc viveret.// I wish that Peter were still living. | + | |
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | **Exercises**1. O certe (adv) necessarium adae (gen.s) peccatum, quod Christi morte delectum est. O most necessary sin of adam, that Christ is delivered to death.2. Per ipsum (acc.s), et cum ipso (abl.s), et in ipso, est tibi (dat.s) Deo Patri omnipotenti, | ||
- | |||
- | ===Unit 26 Perfect Subjunctive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Subjunctive mood expresses Hesitation, exhortation, | **Subjunctive mood expresses Hesitation, exhortation, | ||
+ | |laudaverim | ||
+ | |monuerim | ||
+ | |duxerim | ||
+ | |ceperim | ||
+ | |audiverim | ||
+ | |fuerim | ||
+ | | Passive | ||
+ | |laudatus sim | laudatus sis | laudatus sit | laudati simus | laudati sitis | laudati sint | | ||
- | <div class=" | + | __Direct Questions: |
- | <table border=" | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | laudaverim | + | |
- | laudaveris | + | |
- | laudaverit | + | |
- | laudaverimus | + | |
- | laudaveritis | + | |
- | laudaverint< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | monuerim | + | |
- | monueris | + | |
- | monuerit | + | |
- | monuerimus | + | |
- | monueritis | + | |
- | monuerirint< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | duxerim | + | |
- | duxeris | + | |
- | duxerit | + | |
- | duxerimus | + | |
- | duxeritis | + | |
- | duxerint< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | ceperim | + | |
- | ceperis | + | |
- | ceperit | + | |
- | ceperimus | + | |
- | ceperitis | + | |
- | ceperint< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | audiverim | + | |
- | audiveris | + | |
- | audiverit | + | |
- | audiverimus | + | |
- | audiveritis | + | |
- | audiverint< | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | fuerim | + | |
- | fueris | + | |
- | fuerit | + | |
- | fuerimus | + | |
- | fueritis | + | |
- | fuerint</td> | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td colspan=" | + | |
- | Passive</td> | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | laudatus sim | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | </tr> | + | |
- | </table> | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
+ | __Indirect Questions: | ||
- | <ol type=" | + | |m& |
+ | |n |quid | | ||
+ | | | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Affirmative answer implied, use //Nonne//: //Nonne christus iterum venturus est// Christ is going to come again, isn't he?... (Yes) //Nonne = non + ne// | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Negative answer implied use // | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | m& | ||
- | quis | | ||
- | cujus | | ||
- | cui | | ||
- | quem | | ||
- | quo</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | n | | ||
- | quid | | ||
- | | | ||
- | | | ||
- | quid | | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | who/ | ||
- | whose? of what? | | ||
- | for/to what/ | ||
- | who/ | ||
- | from/ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
the ablative quibus and quo coalesce with cum for quocum and quibuscum | the ablative quibus and quo coalesce with cum for quocum and quibuscum | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises**1. Et interrogabat (3s imp.ai) quis esset (3s imp.act.subj) et quid fecisset (3s imp.act.subj). Acts xxi,33 And he was asking who he was and what he was doing.2. Quem (acc.s) vultis (2pl pai) dimittam (1s fut.ai or pres.act.subj) vobis (abl.pl): barabbam (acc.s) an jesum, qui dicitur (3s pres.pass.ind) christus (n.s)? Mt. xxvii, 17 Who do you want that I will release to you, barabbas or jesus who is called christ?3. Numquid Paulus crucifixus est (3s perf.pass.ind) pro vobis (abl.pl), aut in nomine (abl.s)Pauli (gen.s) baptizati estis (2pl perf.pass.ind). I Cor. i,13 Was Paul crucified for you, or were you baptized in paul's name?4. Si terrena (acc.pl) dixi (1s perf.ai) vobis (dat.pl), et non creditis (2pl pai), quomodo (adv), si dixero (1s fut.perf.ai) vobis (dat.pl) caelestia (acc.pl), credetis (2pl fut.ai)? If I spoke to you of earthly things and you do not believe, in what way, if I will have spoken to you of heavenly things, will you believe?5. Est (3s pai) autem constuetudo (n.s) vobis (dat.pl), ut unum (acc.s) dimittam (1s pres.subj.act) vobis (dat.pl) in Pascha (abl.s); vultis (2pl pai) ergo dimittam (1s pres.subj.act) vobis (dat.s) regem (acc.s) judeorum (gen.pl)? Jn xviii, 39 It is custom to you, that I would release one person to you at pasch; therefore do you want that I would release to you the king of the judeans?6. Quis nos separabit a caritate Christi? Rom. viii, 35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ?7. Si quis (n.s) videtur (3s pres.pass.ind) propheta esse aut spiritalis cognoscat (3s pres.subj.act) , qua scribo (1s pai) vobis (dat.pl), quia domini (gen.s) est mandatum (3s perf.pass.ind). If what the prophet has seen to be or would know in spirit, what I write to you, what of the Lord is commanded.8. O homo, sed tu quis es, qui respondeas deo? Rom ix, 20 O man, if you are thus, who are you that you respond to god?9. Laudo autem vos quod omnia mei memores estis? And I praise you who in all are brought to my mind.10. Et egressus ibat secundum consuetudinem in montem Olivarum. Lk xxii, 39 And he went out according to custom to the mount of olives.11. Dico enim vobis: Non manducabo illud, donec impleatur in regno Dei. Lk xxii, 16 For I say to you, I will not eat that until it is fullfilled in the regin of God.12. Ecclesiam tuam, peregrinantem in terra, in fide et caritate firmare digneris cum famulo tuo Papa nostro Joanne paulo et episcopo nostro N., cum episcopali ordine et universo clero et omni populo acquisitionis tuae. Your pilgrim church on earth, in faith and love with your servant pope john paul, our bishop n. with the episcopal order and with all the clergy and all the people acquired by you.13. Lucifero orto, in nos in dogma resurrectionis credentes nova vita spirata est. When the morning star arises, new live is breathed forth in us believers in the dogma of the resurrection.14. Quomodo igitur aperti sunt oculi tibi? Jn ix, 10 In what way therefore were your eyes opened for you?15. An nescitis quoniam corpus vestrum templum est Spiritus sancti, qui in vobis est, quem habetis a deo, et non estis vestri? I Cor vi, 19 And do you not know that your body is a temple of the holy spirit, who is in you, whom you have from God, and is not your own?16. Nonne Moyses dedit vobis legem? Didn't moses give you the law?17. Hoc autem dico secundum indulgentiam, | **Exercises**1. Et interrogabat (3s imp.ai) quis esset (3s imp.act.subj) et quid fecisset (3s imp.act.subj). Acts xxi,33 And he was asking who he was and what he was doing.2. Quem (acc.s) vultis (2pl pai) dimittam (1s fut.ai or pres.act.subj) vobis (abl.pl): barabbam (acc.s) an jesum, qui dicitur (3s pres.pass.ind) christus (n.s)? Mt. xxvii, 17 Who do you want that I will release to you, barabbas or jesus who is called christ?3. Numquid Paulus crucifixus est (3s perf.pass.ind) pro vobis (abl.pl), aut in nomine (abl.s)Pauli (gen.s) baptizati estis (2pl perf.pass.ind). I Cor. i,13 Was Paul crucified for you, or were you baptized in paul's name?4. Si terrena (acc.pl) dixi (1s perf.ai) vobis (dat.pl), et non creditis (2pl pai), quomodo (adv), si dixero (1s fut.perf.ai) vobis (dat.pl) caelestia (acc.pl), credetis (2pl fut.ai)? If I spoke to you of earthly things and you do not believe, in what way, if I will have spoken to you of heavenly things, will you believe?5. Est (3s pai) autem constuetudo (n.s) vobis (dat.pl), ut unum (acc.s) dimittam (1s pres.subj.act) vobis (dat.pl) in Pascha (abl.s); vultis (2pl pai) ergo dimittam (1s pres.subj.act) vobis (dat.s) regem (acc.s) judeorum (gen.pl)? Jn xviii, 39 It is custom to you, that I would release one person to you at pasch; therefore do you want that I would release to you the king of the judeans?6. Quis nos separabit a caritate Christi? Rom. viii, 35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ?7. Si quis (n.s) videtur (3s pres.pass.ind) propheta esse aut spiritalis cognoscat (3s pres.subj.act) , qua scribo (1s pai) vobis (dat.pl), quia domini (gen.s) est mandatum (3s perf.pass.ind). If what the prophet has seen to be or would know in spirit, what I write to you, what of the Lord is commanded.8. O homo, sed tu quis es, qui respondeas deo? Rom ix, 20 O man, if you are thus, who are you that you respond to god?9. Laudo autem vos quod omnia mei memores estis? And I praise you who in all are brought to my mind.10. Et egressus ibat secundum consuetudinem in montem Olivarum. Lk xxii, 39 And he went out according to custom to the mount of olives.11. Dico enim vobis: Non manducabo illud, donec impleatur in regno Dei. Lk xxii, 16 For I say to you, I will not eat that until it is fullfilled in the regin of God.12. Ecclesiam tuam, peregrinantem in terra, in fide et caritate firmare digneris cum famulo tuo Papa nostro Joanne paulo et episcopo nostro N., cum episcopali ordine et universo clero et omni populo acquisitionis tuae. Your pilgrim church on earth, in faith and love with your servant pope john paul, our bishop n. with the episcopal order and with all the clergy and all the people acquired by you.13. Lucifero orto, in nos in dogma resurrectionis credentes nova vita spirata est. When the morning star arises, new live is breathed forth in us believers in the dogma of the resurrection.14. Quomodo igitur aperti sunt oculi tibi? Jn ix, 10 In what way therefore were your eyes opened for you?15. An nescitis quoniam corpus vestrum templum est Spiritus sancti, qui in vobis est, quem habetis a deo, et non estis vestri? I Cor vi, 19 And do you not know that your body is a temple of the holy spirit, who is in you, whom you have from God, and is not your own?16. Nonne Moyses dedit vobis legem? Didn't moses give you the law?17. Hoc autem dico secundum indulgentiam, | ||
===Unit 27 Comparative Adjectives=== | ===Unit 27 Comparative Adjectives=== | ||
- | <div class=" | + | | | comparative add // |
- | <table border=" | + | | |like 3rd declension |
- | <tr id=" | + | |beatus |
- | < | + | |beati |beatioris |
- | | | + | |beato |beatiori |
- | comparative add // | + | |beatum |
- | superlative add -issim-</ | + | |beato |beatiore |
- | </ | + | |beati |beatiores |
- | <tr id=" | + | |beatorum |
- | <td> | + | |beatis |
- | | | + | |beatos |
- | like 3rd declension | + | |beatis |
- | like 1st / 2nd declension</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beatus | + | |
- | beatior | + | |
- | beatissimus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beati | | + | |
- | beatioris | + | |
- | beatissimi</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beato | | + | |
- | beatiori | + | |
- | beatissimo</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beatum | + | |
- | beatiorem | + | |
- | beatissimum</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beato | | + | |
- | beatiore | + | |
- | beatissimo</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beati | | + | |
- | beatiores | + | |
- | beatissimi</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beatorum | + | |
- | beatiorum | + | |
- | beatissimorum</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beatis | + | |
- | beatioribus | + | |
- | beatissimis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beatos | + | |
- | beatiores | + | |
- | beatissimos</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | beatis | + | |
- | beatioribus | + | |
- | beatissimis</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
Special forms: | Special forms: | ||
- | <div class=" | + | |good |bonus |
- | <table border=" | + | |bad |malus |
- | <tr id=" | + | |great |magnus |
- | < | + | |many |multus |
- | good | | + | |small |parvus |
- | bonus | | + | |near |prope(adv) |
- | melior | + | |before |
- | optimus</ | + | |above |superus |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | bad | | + | |
- | malus | | + | |
- | pejor | | + | |
- | pessimus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | great | | + | |
- | magnus | + | |
- | major | | + | |
- | maximus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | many | | + | |
- | multus | + | |
- | plus | | + | |
- | plurimus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | small | | + | |
- | parvus | + | |
- | minor | | + | |
- | minimus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | near | | + | |
- | prope(adv) | + | |
- | propior | + | |
- | proximus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | before | + | |
- | prae, pro(prep) | + | |
- | prior | | + | |
- | primus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <tr id=" | + | |
- | <td> | + | |
- | above | | + | |
- | superus | + | |
- | superior | + | |
- | supremus</ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
Usually the comparisons are expressed or implied. But if they are more remote, then happier / happiest can be used without a specific comparison. In explicit comparison, //quam// is used. If one comparator is in nominative or accusative, then the other can be in ablative, without //quam//. Peter was happier than john: //Petrus erat felicior joanne.// For degrees of difference, the ablative can be used to express the intensity: This table is higher by a foot than that one: //Haec mensa est pede altior quam illa.// | Usually the comparisons are expressed or implied. But if they are more remote, then happier / happiest can be used without a specific comparison. In explicit comparison, //quam// is used. If one comparator is in nominative or accusative, then the other can be in ablative, without //quam//. Peter was happier than john: //Petrus erat felicior joanne.// For degrees of difference, the ablative can be used to express the intensity: This table is higher by a foot than that one: //Haec mensa est pede altior quam illa.// | ||
- | <p id=" | + | **Exercises** 1. Et veniens in patriam suam, docebat eos in synagoga eorum, ita ut mirarentur et dicerent: Unde huic sapientia haec et virtutes? And coming in his own country, he was teaching them in their synagogue such that they were amazed and were saying where to him this wisdom and power?2. Deum de deo, lumen de lumine, deum verum de deo vero, genitum, non factum. God from god, light from light, true god from true god, begotten, not made.3. Gratias agimus Deo semper pro omnis vobis, memoriam facientes in orationibus nostris sine intermissione memores operis fidei vestrae et laboris caritatis. We give thanks to god always for all of you, making remembrance in our prayers without interruption, |
- | **Exercises**1. Et veniens in patriam suam, docebat eos in synagoga eorum, ita ut mirarentur et dicerent: Unde huic sapientia haec et virtutes? And coming in his own country, he was teaching them in their synagogue such that they were amazed and were saying where to him this wisdom and power?2. Deum de deo, lumen de lumine, deum verum de deo vero, genitum, non factum. God from god, light from light, true god from true god, begotten, not made.3. Gratias agimus Deo semper pro omnis vobis, memoriam facientes in orationibus nostris sine intermissione memores operis fidei vestrae et laboris caritatis. We give thanks to god always for all of you, making remembrance in our prayers without interruption, | + | |
===Unit 28 Reflexive Adjectives & Pronouns=== | ===Unit 28 Reflexive Adjectives & Pronouns=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | alius -a um | | ||
- | other | | ||
- | | ||
- | | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | unus -a -um | | ||
- | one | | ||
- | | ||
- | | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | alter -a -um | | ||
- | the other | | ||
- | alterius | ||
- | | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | nullus-a -um | | ||
- | not any | | ||
- | nullius | ||
- | nulli</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | solus -a -um | | ||
- | only, alone | | ||
- | | ||
- | soli</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | totus -a -um | | ||
- | all, the whole | | ||
- | totius | ||
- | toti</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Adjective | ||
- | Adverb | ||
- | comparative adverb | ||
- | superlative adverb</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | 1&2 decl | | ||
- | -e | | ||
- | neuter acc.s | | ||
- | -issime</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | aptus -a -um | | ||
- | apte | | ||
- | aptius | ||
- | aptissime</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | 3 decl | | ||
- | -iter | | ||
- | neuter acc.s | | ||
- | -issime</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | suavis, suave | | ||
- | suaviter | ||
- | suavius | ||
- | suavissime</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Temporal | ||
- | Cum Jesus docet | | ||
- | while Jesus was teaching</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Temporal-Circumstantial | ||
- | Cum Jesus doceret | ||
- | under the circumstances when Jesus was teaching</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Causal | ||
- | Cum vir esset felix | | ||
- | since the man was happy</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Concessive | ||
- | Cum viri male haberent (tamen) | ||
- | Although the men were sick (nevertheless)</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
+ | __Suus, Sui__ An adjective or pronoun referring to the subject is reflexive. In the first and second person, they are the same as the first and second pronouns. //ego diligo me// I love myself. //tu diligis te// you love yourself. In the third person, the adjective suus -a -um serves, and the pronoun sui (gen), sibi (dat), se (acc and abl). for singular and plural. So //hic diligit se// he loves himself; //vidit suos fratres// he saw his own brothers.__Partly Irregular Adjectives__ Some adjectives follow the demonstrative pronouns with -ius in gen.s and -i in dat.s: | ||
- | </ | + | |alius -a um |
- | </ | + | |unus -a -um |one | unius | uni | |
- | <p id=" | + | |alter -a -um | the other |alterius |
- | **Exercises**1. Cum ergo venisset (3s perf.act.subj) in Galilaeam, exceperunt eum Galilaei, cum omnia vidissent, quae fecerat hierosolymis in die festo. Jn iv, 45 Therefore once he had come into galilee, the galileans accepted him, since they had seen all the things that he had done in jerusalem.2. Et cum haec dixisset, positis genibus suis, cum omnibus illis oravit. Acts xx, 36 And when he had said this, you all knelt down when he prayed for all of them.3. Unus autem ex illis, ut vidit quia sanatus est, regressus est cum magna voce magnificans deum. lk xvii, 15 One of them, that saw that he was cured, returned with a great voice praising god.4. Quomodo potest homo nasci, cum senex sit? Jn iii,4 In what way can a man be born, although he is old?5. Cum autem descendisset de monte, secutae sunt eum trubae multae. Mt viii, 1 Once he had descended from the mountain, many crowds followed him.6. Quid hic sic loquitur? Blasphemat! Quis potest dimittere peccata nisi solus Deus? Mk ii,7 Why does he say thus? He blasphemes, Who can forgive sins, but God alone?7. Alius autem de discipulis ejus ait illi: domine permitte me primum ire et sepelire patrem meum. Mt viii, 21 Another of the disciples said to him, lord, permit me first to go and to bury my father.8. Et respondit ad illum Jesus: scriptum est: non in pane solo vivet homo sed in omni verbo dei. Lk iv,4 And Jesus responded to them, it is written, man does not live by bread alone, but by every word of god.9. Qui cum pervenisset, | + | |nullus-a -um |not any |nullius |
+ | |solus -a -um |only, alone | solius | ||
+ | |totus -a -um |all, the whole |totius | ||
- | ===Unit 29 Indefinite Pronouns & Adjectives=== | + | __Comparison of Adverbs__ Positive adverbs are formed from adjectives: |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
+ | |Adjective | ||
+ | |1&2 decl |-e |neuter acc.s |-issime | ||
+ | |aptus -a -um | ||
+ | |3 decl |-iter | ||
+ | |suavis, suave |suaviter | ||
- | <ul> | + | __Cum clauses__ using cum with the subjunctive. The concessive especially requires context for translation. |
- | <li> | + | |Temporal |
- | <p id=" | + | |Temporal-Circumstantial |
- | | + | |Causal |
- | |<p id=" | + | |Concessive |
- | prefixed by ali to form //aliquis, aliquid// | + | |
- | </li> | + | **Exercises** 1. Cum ergo venisset (3s perf.act.subj) in Galilaeam, exceperunt eum Galilaei, cum omnia vidissent, quae fecerat hierosolymis in die festo. Jn iv, 45 Therefore once he had come into galilee, the galileans accepted him, since they had seen all the things that he had done in jerusalem.2. Et cum haec dixisset, positis genibus suis, cum omnibus illis oravit. Acts xx, 36 And when he had said this, you all knelt down when he prayed for all of them.3. Unus autem ex illis, ut vidit quia sanatus est, regressus est cum magna voce magnificans deum. lk xvii, 15 One of them, that saw that he was cured, returned with a great voice praising god.4. Quomodo potest homo nasci, cum senex sit? Jn iii,4 In what way can a man be born, although he is old?5. Cum autem descendisset de monte, secutae sunt eum trubae multae. Mt viii, 1 Once he had descended from the mountain, many crowds followed him.6. Quid hic sic loquitur? Blasphemat! Quis potest dimittere peccata nisi solus Deus? Mk ii,7 Why does he say thus? He blasphemes, Who can forgive sins, but God alone?7. Alius autem de discipulis ejus ait illi: domine permitte me primum ire et sepelire patrem meum. Mt viii, 21 Another of the disciples said to him, lord, permit me first to go and to bury my father.8. Et respondit ad illum Jesus: scriptum est: non in pane solo vivet homo sed in omni verbo dei. Lk iv,4 And Jesus responded to them, it is written, man does not live by bread alone, but by every word of god.9. Qui cum pervenisset, |
- | </ul> | + | ===Unit 29 Indefinite Pronouns & Adjectives=== |
+ | __Indefinite Pronouns & Adjectives__ quis; aliquis; aliqui, etc. quis, quid can be used indefinitely in the following ways: | ||
- | <p id=" | + | * preceded by //si, nisi, numquid// or //ne// for something, someone |
- | < | + | * prefixed by ali to form //aliquis, aliquid//someone, something |
+ | __qui, quae, quod__ who, which can be used as follows. | ||
+ | * preceded by //si, nisi, numquid// or //ne// for something, someone | ||
+ | * suffixed by -cumque for whoever, whatever: // | ||
+ | * suffixed by -dam for //quidam, quaedam, quiddam// a certain one or thing | ||
- | <ul> | + | __Dative of Purpose; Double Dative__ Dative may be used to express purpose: This one holds me 'to hate': //Hic odio me habet//. The dative of purpose can be combined with the dative of reference for a double dative: Jesus is for us for salvation: //Jesus est saluti nobis// |
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
Clauses: | Clauses: | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Time | | ||
- | cum, ubi, ut, quando, when; simul atque (ac), as soon as; postquam, after | | ||
- | indicative only</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | -cumque can be suffixed to ubi, ut or quando to make indefinite: whenever | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | antequam, priusquam, before; dum, donec, while, until | | ||
- | indicative or subjunctive</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | cum - under the circumstances when | | ||
- | subjunctive only</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Cause | | ||
- | quia, quoniam, quod: because | ||
- | indicative for actual cause; subjunctive for actual or alleged cause</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | concession | ||
- | etsi, licet, quamquam, although | ||
- | indicative or subjunctive</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | | | ||
- | cum, although | ||
- | subjunctive only</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | ablative absolute | ||
- | participle & ablative - for time cause or consession | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
+ | |Time |cum, ubi, ut, quando, when; simul atque (ac), as soon as; postquam, after |indicative only | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | |cum - under the circumstances when |subjunctive only | | ||
+ | |Cause | ||
+ | |concession | ||
+ | | |cum, although | ||
+ | |ablative absolute | ||
- | </ | + | **Exercises** 1. O bone jesu, miserere nobis quia tu creasti nos, tu redemisti nos sanquine tuo pretiosissimo. O good jesus, have mercy on use because you create us you redeem us by your most precious blood.2. Jesu, Salvator mundi, tuis famulis subveni, quo pretioso sanguine redemisti, Jesus, savior of the world, receive your servant who by precious blood you have receemed.3. Et eritis odio omnibus gentibus propter nomen meum. Mt xxiv, 9 And you will be to hate to all nations on account of my name. You will be hated by all on account of my name.4. Osculabantur eum dolentes maxime in verbo, quod dixerat, quoniam amplius faciem ejus non esset visuri. Acts xx,38. They were kissing him with great sadness in words, because he had been saying because they would not see his face any more.5. Jacob dilexi, Esau autem odio habui. I love / jacob / but / i have to hate esau. ??? Rom ix, 136. Nam cum liber essem ex omnibus, omnium me servum feci. I Cor. ix 19 For although (when) I am free from all, I make all things serve me.7. Quamquam jesus non baptizaret sed discipuli ejus. Jn iv, 2 Although jesus did not baptize but his disciples8. Quis enim cognovit sensum domini, qui instruat eum? nos autem sensum christi habemus. I Cor ii, 16 Who has known the mind of the lord, who has instructed him, but we have the mind of christ. |
- | </ | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | **Exercises**1. O bone jesu, miserere nobis quia tu creasti nos, tu redemisti nos sanquine tuo pretiosissimo. O good jesus, have mercy on use because you create us you redeem us by your most precious blood.2. Jesu, Salvator mundi, tuis famulis subveni, quo pretioso sanguine redemisti, Jesus, savior of the world, receive your servant who by precious blood you have receemed.3. Et eritis odio omnibus gentibus propter nomen meum. Mt xxiv, 9 And you will be to hate to all nations on account of my name. You will be hated by all on account of my name.4. Osculabantur eum dolentes maxime in verbo, quod dixerat, quoniam amplius faciem ejus non esset visuri. Acts xx,38. They were kissing him with great sadness in words, because he had been saying because they would not see his face any more.5. Jacob dilexi, Esau autem odio habui. I love / jacob / but / i have to hate esau. ??? Rom ix, 136. Nam cum liber essem ex omnibus, omnium me servum feci. I Cor. ix 19 For although (when) I am free from all, I make all things serve me.7. Quamquam jesus non baptizaret sed discipuli ejus. Jn iv, 2 Although jesus did not baptize but his disciples8. Quis enim cognovit sensum domini, qui instruat eum? nos autem sensum christi habemus. I Cor ii, 16 Who has known the mind of the lord, who has instructed him, but we have the mind of christ. | + | |
===Unit 30 Present Infinitives / Indirect Statements=== | ===Unit 30 Present Infinitives / Indirect Statements=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
+ | __Present Infinitives__ Second principle part is an pa.infinitive. Passive infinitives end in -i, first second and fourth are the same, the 3rd uses the verb stem, as in //duci, capi// | ||
- | <ul> | + | * //Noli, nolite:// Child do not weep: //O puer, noli flere//; Shepherds don't be afraid: //Pastores, nolite timere!// |
+ | * //Ne/non// with the present or perfect subjunctive: | ||
+ | * //Non// with the future indicative: You shal not speak evil: //Non maledices.// | ||
- | < | + | __Indirect Statements: Subject Accusative & Present Infinitive__ Indirect statements can take //quod, quia, quoniam// with subjunctive or indicative, OR the subject accusative with infinitive. The introductory clause has a verb of saying, knowing |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | //Noli, nolite:// Child do not weep: //O puer, noli flere//; Shepherds don't be afraid: //Pastores, nolite timere!// | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //Ne/non// with the present | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | //Non// with the future indicative: You shal not speak evil: //Non maledices.// | + | |
- | </li> | + | * Simultaneous in the present: They say, Jesus is preacing: //Dicunt Jesum praedicare.// |
+ | * Simultaneous in the past: They were saying, Jesus was preaching: //Dicebant Jesum praedicare.// | ||
+ | * Simultaneous in the future: They will say Jesus is preaching: //Dicent Jesum predicare.// | ||
- | </ | + | **Exercises** 1. Nihil horum (gen.pl) timeas (2s pres.act.subj), |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Simultaneous in the present: They say, Jesus is preacing: //Dicunt Jesum praedicare.// | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Simultaneous in the past: They were saying, Jesus was preaching: //Dicebant Jesum praedicare.// | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Simultaneous in the future: They will say Jesus is preaching: //Dicent Jesum predicare.// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | **Exercises**1. Nihil horum (gen.pl) timeas (2s pres.act.subj), | + | |
===Unit 31 Perfect Infinitives=== | ===Unit 31 Perfect Infinitives=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | laudavi | ||
- | laudav+isse | ||
- | laudavisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | monui | | ||
- | monu+isse | ||
- | monuisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | duxi | | ||
- | dux+isse | ||
- | duxisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | cepi | | ||
- | cep+isse | ||
- | cepisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | audivi | ||
- | audiv+isse | ||
- | audivisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | fui | | ||
- | fu+isse | ||
- | fuisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | potui | | ||
- | potu+isse | ||
- | potuisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | volui | | ||
- | volu+isse | ||
- | voluisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | ii | | ||
- | i+isse | ||
- | isse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | ivi | | ||
- | iv+isse | ||
- | ivisse</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | Passive uses the 4th principle part with esse: laudatus, a, um esse, to have been praised.Note: | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Prior in the present: They say Jesus preached in the synagogue. Dicunt Jesum in synagoga praedicavisse.< | ||
- | Prior in the past: They said Jesus had preached in the synagogue. Dixerunt Jesum in synagoga praedicavisse.< | ||
- | Prior in the future: They will say Jesus preached in the synagogue. Dicent Jesum in synagoga praedicavisse. | ||
+ | __Perfect Infinitives__ to have praised, warned, led, etc. It is formed with the perfect stem and -isse. It is like the pluperfect subjunctive without the personal endings. | ||
- | </ul> | + | |laudavi |
+ | |monui | ||
+ | |duxi |dux+isse | ||
+ | |cepi |cep+isse | ||
+ | |audivi | ||
+ | |fui |fu+isse | ||
+ | |potui | ||
+ | |volui | ||
+ | |ii |i+isse | ||
+ | |ivi |iv+isse | ||
+ | Passive uses the 4th principle part with esse: laudatus, a, um esse, to have been praised.Note: | ||
+ | * Prior in the present: They say Jesus preached in the synagogue. Dicunt Jesum in synagoga praedicavisse.< | ||
+ | * Prior in the past: They said Jesus had preached in the synagogue. Dixerunt Jesum in synagoga praedicavisse.< | ||
+ | * Prior in the future: They will say Jesus preached in the synagogue. Dicent Jesum in synagoga praedicavisse. | ||
- | <p id=" | + | __Predicate Genitive__ |
- | < | + | |
===Unit 32 Future Active Infinitive=== | ===Unit 32 Future Active Infinitive=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
+ | __Future Active Infinitive__ is the future active participle +esselaturus, | ||
+ | * Subsequent in the present: They say Jesus will preach in the synagogue. Dicunt Jesum in synagoga praedicaturum esse.<p id=" | ||
+ | * Subsequent in the past: They said Jesus would preach in the synagogue. Dixerunt Jesum in synagoga praedicaturum esse.<p id=" | ||
+ | * Subsequent in the future: They will say Jesus will preach in the synagogue. Dicent Jesum in synagoga praedicaturum esse. | ||
+ | __Indirect Reflexives__ a reflexive pronoun in a subordinate construction may refer to the subject of the main clause. Paulus subito audivit virum loquentem sibi. Paul suddenly heard a man speaking to him.__Expression of Purpose__ | ||
+ | * Prepositions in or ad: in remissionem peccatorum: for the forgivness of sin. | ||
+ | * Subjunction: | ||
+ | * Gerund or Gerundive: ad + accusative (causa with ablative): Apostoli missi sunt ad infirmos sanados, informos sanandi causi: the apostles were sent to heal the sick. | ||
+ | * Infinitives: | ||
+ | * Participles: | ||
+ | * Dative Case - abstract noun: Hoc sacrificum sit utilitati nobis: May this sacrifice be for our benefit. | ||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | | ||
- | | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Prepositions in or ad: in remissionem peccatorum: for the forgivness of sin. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Subjunction: | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Gerund or Gerundive: ad + accusative (causa with ablative): Apostoli missi sunt ad infirmos sanados, informos sanandi causi: the apostles were sent to heal the sick. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Infinitives: | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Participles: | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Dative Case - abstract noun: Hoc sacrificum sit utilitati nobis: May this sacrifice be for our benefit. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises**1. Audiens (n.s pa.ppl) autem Jesus, miratus (3s perf.pass.ind) est et sequentibus (dat.pl) se dixit (3s perf.ai): Amen dico vobis: Apud nullum inveni (1s perf.ai) tantam (acc.s) fidem in Israel (abl.s).2. Vobis (dat.pl) primum (adv) Deus (n.s) suscitans (n.s pa.ppl) puerum (acc.s) suum, misit (3s perf.ai) eum (acc.s) benedicentem vobis in avertendo (abl.s) unumquemque (acc.s) a nequitiis (abl.pl) vestris.3. Et palam (adv) verbum (acc.s) loquebatur (3s imp.pass.ind).4. Dum oraret (3s imp.act.subj), | **Exercises**1. Audiens (n.s pa.ppl) autem Jesus, miratus (3s perf.pass.ind) est et sequentibus (dat.pl) se dixit (3s perf.ai): Amen dico vobis: Apud nullum inveni (1s perf.ai) tantam (acc.s) fidem in Israel (abl.s).2. Vobis (dat.pl) primum (adv) Deus (n.s) suscitans (n.s pa.ppl) puerum (acc.s) suum, misit (3s perf.ai) eum (acc.s) benedicentem vobis in avertendo (abl.s) unumquemque (acc.s) a nequitiis (abl.pl) vestris.3. Et palam (adv) verbum (acc.s) loquebatur (3s imp.pass.ind).4. Dum oraret (3s imp.act.subj), | ||
===Unit 33 Irregular Verb=== | ===Unit 33 Irregular Verb=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Active | ||
- | fero | | ||
- | fers | | ||
- | fert | | ||
- | ferimus | ||
- | fertis | ||
- | ferunt</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Passive | ||
- | feror | | ||
- | ferris, ferre | | ||
- | fertur | ||
- | ferimur | ||
- | ferimini | ||
- | feruntur</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | Imperative: fer! ferte!< | ||
+ | __Fero ferre, tuli, latus__ bring, bear carry | ||
- | <ol type=" | + | |Active |
+ | |Passive | ||
- | < | + | Imperative: fer! ferte!__Ablative of time when or time within, duration which__ Ablative, with or without the preposition //in//: In illo tempore Jesus in Galilaea praedicabat: |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Simple Conditional - with present or past indicative, expressing only the idea of contingency. Si abit: If he leaves; Si abiit: If he left; quicumque abiit: Whoever left. | + | |
- | | + | * Future more vivid uses future or future perfect indicative: Nisi vicinum tuum diligis/ |
- | Future Conditional - more or less vivid, depending on the firmness of the contingency. | + | * Future less vivid uses present subjunctive: |
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Future more vivid uses future or future perfect indicative: Nisi vicinum tuum diligis/ | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Future less vivid uses present subjunctive: | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
Contrafactal | Contrafactal | ||
+ | * Present contrafactal conditional uses imperfect subjunctive: | ||
+ | * Past contrafactal conditional uses pluperfect subjunctive: | ||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Present contrafactal conditional uses imperfect subjunctive: | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Past contrafactal conditional uses pluperfect subjunctive: | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
Note, ablative absolute can also be used to express contingency. | Note, ablative absolute can also be used to express contingency. | ||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises** | **Exercises** | ||
===Unit 34 fio, fieri< | ===Unit 34 fio, fieri< | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
Be made, be done, become, happen. 1) In the present stem (except infinitive) it is active in form but passive in meaning; 2) The long I is retained in all forms of the present subjunctive and in the present, imperfect and future indicative; 3) The present infinitive has a unique ending: fieri. As with deponents, the imperfect is made with a hypothetical passive infinitive fiere. Fio also serves as the passive present stem of facio, facere, feci, factus - the two verbs are identical in the perfect passive system: factus. Fio is almost never compounded, but facio is. | Be made, be done, become, happen. 1) In the present stem (except infinitive) it is active in form but passive in meaning; 2) The long I is retained in all forms of the present subjunctive and in the present, imperfect and future indicative; 3) The present infinitive has a unique ending: fieri. As with deponents, the imperfect is made with a hypothetical passive infinitive fiere. Fio also serves as the passive present stem of facio, facere, feci, factus - the two verbs are identical in the perfect passive system: factus. Fio is almost never compounded, but facio is. | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Present | ||
- | fio | | ||
- | fis | | ||
- | fit | | ||
- | fimus | | ||
- | fitis | | ||
- | fiunt</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Imperfect | ||
- | fiebam | ||
- | fiebas | ||
- | fiebat | ||
- | fiebamus | ||
- | fiebatis | ||
- | fiebant</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Future | ||
- | fiam | | ||
- | fies | | ||
- | fiet | | ||
- | fiemus | ||
- | fietis | ||
- | fient</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Present Subj | | ||
- | fiam | | ||
- | fias | | ||
- | fiat | | ||
- | fiamus | ||
- | fiatis | ||
- | fiant</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | Imperfect Subjunctive | ||
- | fierem | ||
- | fieres | ||
- | fieret | ||
- | fieremus | ||
- | fieretis | ||
- | fierent</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | < | ||
- | <div class=" | ||
- | <table border=" | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | M/N | | ||
- | duo | | ||
- | duorum | ||
- | duobus | ||
- | duos (duo) | | ||
- | duobus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | F | | ||
- | duae | | ||
- | duarum | ||
- | duabus | ||
- | duas | | ||
- | duabus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | MF | | ||
- | tres | | ||
- | trium | | ||
- | tribus | ||
- | tres | | ||
- | tribus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | <tr id=" | ||
- | <td> | ||
- | N | | ||
- | tria | | ||
- | trium | | ||
- | tribus | ||
- | tria | | ||
- | tribus</ | ||
- | </tr> | ||
- | </ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | < | ||
+ | |Present | ||
+ | |Imperfect | ||
+ | |Future | ||
+ | |Present Subj |fiam |fias |fiat |fiamus | ||
+ | |Imperfect Subjunctive | ||
- | <ol type=" | + | __Numbers: |
- | < | + | |M/N |duo |duorum |
- | <p id=" | + | |F |duae |duarum |
- | Possession: Libri puerorum - the children' | + | |MF |tres |trium |
- | |<p id=" | + | |N |tria |trium |
- | Description: | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Subjective and Objective Genitive: Dei dilectio hominum - God's love of huamity. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Partitive: Satis cibi - enough (of) food. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Predicative: | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | After certain adjectives: Memor Petri - mindful of Peter; Potens daemoniorum - power of (over) demons. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | After certain verbs: misereor tui - I pity you. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Various, e.g. with causa, after comparatives, | + | |
- | </li> | + | __Impersonal Verbs__ occur in the thir person singular only.auditur - it is heard; convenit - it is fitting; dicitur - it is said; licet - it is permitted; placet - it is pleasing; videtur - it seems good; oportet - it is proper; necesse est - it is necessary; cenatum est - there was dining: people ate; ventum est - there was coming - people came; factus est - there was happening - it came to past - a semitic idiom. |
- | </ol> | + | __Summary of Genitive__ |
+ | * Possession: Libri puerorum - the children' | ||
+ | * Description: | ||
+ | * Subjective and Objective Genitive: Dei dilectio hominum - God's love of huamity. | ||
+ | * Partitive: Satis cibi - enough (of) food. | ||
+ | * Predicative: | ||
+ | * After certain adjectives: Memor Petri - mindful of Peter; Potens daemoniorum - power of (over) demons. | ||
+ | * After certain verbs: misereor tui - I pity you. | ||
+ | * Various, e.g. with causa, after comparatives, | ||
+ | __Summary of Dative__ | ||
+ | * Of Possessor: Quid est tibi nomen? - what is name to you, what is your name? | ||
+ | * Indirect Object: Petrus mihi hoc dedit - peter gave this to me. | ||
+ | * Reference (advantage or disadvantage) - Jesus eis peccata dimisit - Jesus forgave (to) them their sins. | ||
+ | * Personal Agency, with passive periphrastic - Hymnos nobis cantandus est - the hymns ought to be sung by us. | ||
+ | * Purpose: Eritis odio eis - You will be to hatred to them - They will hate you. | ||
+ | * With certain adjectives: Filius Patri similis est - the Son is like (to) the father. | ||
+ | * With certain verbs: | ||
+ | * Intransitives: | ||
+ | * command, obey, serve | ||
+ | * pareo (2) parui & | ||
+ | * impero (1) -avi -atus "to give order to" (not "to order" | ||
+ | * servio (4) -ivi -itus "to be a slave to (not "to serve" | ||
+ | * obedire, to obey | ||
+ | * II. harm, forgive, spare | ||
+ | * ignosco (3) ignovi ignotus "to grant pardon to" | ||
+ | * noceo (2) nocui nocitus "to do harm to" (not "to harm" | ||
+ | * parco (3) peperci parsurus "to be lenient to (not "to spare" | ||
+ | * remittere, to pardon | ||
+ | * resistere, to resist | ||
+ | * invidere, to envy | ||
+ | * III. persuade, trust, please | ||
+ | * pareo (2) parui & | ||
+ | * persuadeo (2) -suasi -suasus "to be persuasive to (not "to persuade" | ||
+ | * suadere, persuade | ||
+ | * placeo (2) placui placitus "to be pleasing to (not "to please" | ||
+ | * displicere, displease | ||
+ | * credo (3) credidi creditus "to believe in" (not "to trust) | ||
+ | * confiteri, confess | ||
+ | * studeo (2) studui & | ||
+ | * evangelizare, | ||
+ | * Impersonal verbs: Non licet tibi abire - It is not permitted to you to leave. | ||
+ | * Compounds (especially of sum) Quid mihi prodest? - what it profits to me? What does it profit to me? Modis antiquis inhaerebant - They were clinging to the ancient ways. | ||
+ | [[http:// | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Of Possessor: Quid est tibi nomen? - what is name to you, what is your name? | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Indirect Object: Petrus mihi hoc dedit - peter gave this to me. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Reference (advantage or disadvantage) - Jesus eis peccata dimisit - Jesus forgave (to) them their sins. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Personal Agency, with passive periphrastic - Hymnos nobis cantandus est - the hymns ought to be sung by us. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | Purpose: Eritis odio eis - You will be to hatred to them - They will hate you. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | With certain adjectives: Filius Patri similis est - the Son is like (to) the father. | ||
- | |<p id=" | ||
- | With certain verbs: | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Intransitives: | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | pareo (2) parui & | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | impero (1) -avi -atus "to give order to" (not "to order" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | servio (4) -ivi -itus "to be a slave to (not "to serve" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | obedire, to obey | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | ignosco (3) ignovi ignotus "to grant pardon to" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | noceo (2) nocui nocitus "to do harm to" (not "to harm" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | parco (3) peperci parsurus "to be lenient to (not "to spare" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | remittere, to pardon | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | resistere, to resist | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | invidere, to envy | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <ul> | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | pareo (2) parui & | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | persuadeo (2) -suasi -suasus "to be persuasive to (not "to persuade" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | suadere, persuade | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | placeo (2) placui placitus "to be pleasing to (not "to please" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | displicere, displease | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | credo (3) credidi creditus "to believe in" (not "to trust) | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | confiteri, confess | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | studeo (2) studui & | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | evangelizare, | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Impersonal verbs: Non licet tibi abire - It is not permitted to you to leave. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Compounds (especially of sum) Quid mihi prodest? - what it profits to me? What does it profit to me? Modis antiquis inhaerebant - They were clinging to the ancient ways. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | <a class=" | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ul> | ||
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- | |||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
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- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises** | **Exercises** | ||
===Unit 35=== | ===Unit 35=== | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | < | ||
+ | * __Greek periphrastic Tenses__ Like Greek, latin sometimes uses the present active participle with sum to for a progressive tense, e.g.: 1) Present laudens sum - I am praising; 2) Imperfect laudens eram - I was praising; 3) Future laudens ero - I will be praising. | ||
+ | * __Syncopation__ the -vi- or -ve- syllable may be lost, e.g. laudavisti > laudasti, audivi > audii, custodivi > custodii, ivi > ii. In poetry, the -erunt perf.ai ending can change to ere. Other words may have short forms as well: dexteris > dextris; vinculum > vinclum. | ||
+ | * __Historical Present__ may be used in narrating past events. | ||
+ | * __Cognate Ablative__ Gavisi sunt magno gaudio - they rejoiced in joy. Clamavit magna voce - He shouted loudly | ||
- | <ol type=" | + | __Summary of Accusative__ |
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
Direct Object | Direct Object | ||
- | </li> | + | * Directo object: petrum vidit paulus - peter saw paul |
+ | * Predicate A: Fecerunt eum papam - they made him pope. | ||
+ | * Cognate A: vitas nostras vivimus - we live our lives. | ||
+ | * Double A: Nos orationem docuit - he taught us the prayer. | ||
+ | * Subject A + Infinitive: Putaverunt Paulum esse deum - they though paul was a god. | ||
+ | * Anticipatory A: Dicimus petrum quod hic est bonus - we say (of) peter that he is good. | ||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Directo object: petrum vidit paulus - peter saw paul | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Predicate A: Fecerunt eum papam - they made him pope. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Cognate A: vitas nostras vivimus - we live our lives. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Double A: Nos orationem docuit - he taught us the prayer. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Subject A + Infinitive: Putaverunt Paulum esse deum - they though paul was a god. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Anticipatory A: Dicimus petrum quod hic est bonus - we say (of) peter that he is good. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
Space and time | Space and time | ||
+ | * In domum intravit; Romam iit. | ||
+ | * Quinque dies mansit - he stayed (for) five days. | ||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | <ol type=" | ||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | In domum intravit; Romam iit. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
- | Quinque dies mansit - he stayed (for) five days. | ||
- | |||
- | </li> | ||
- | |||
- | </ol> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | <li> | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
Adverbial Accusative - Quid ploras? Why are you weeping? | Adverbial Accusative - Quid ploras? Why are you weeping? | ||
- | </ | + | __Summary |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <ol type=" | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | <p id=" | + | |
- | Accompaniment: | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Separation: Libera nos (a) malo - deliver us from evil. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Means: Gladio occisus est - he was killed with a sword. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Manner: (Cum) Dolore locutus est - he spoke with sorrow. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Personal Agency: Missa ab episcopo celebrabitur. Mass will be celebrated by the bishop. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | With certain adjectives: ... gratia plena - ... full of grace. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Respect or Specification: | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Cause: (Prae) gaudio clamaverunt. The shouted for joy. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Ablative Absolute: Hoc facto, abiit. This being done, he went away. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Place where: In domo petri manebant - in peter' | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Place from, out of which: E domo venerunt - they came out of the house. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Comparison: Quis est maior illo: Who is greater than that one? | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Degree of difference: Petrus erat multo senior quam Joannes - Was peter much older than John? | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Time when, within which - In illo tempore... At that time. Quinque annis hoc facierunt. They did that in five years. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Duration: Duodecim annis infirma fuerat - She had been sick for 12 years. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | Cognate Ablative: Timore timuerunt - they were afraid with fear. | + | |
- | |<p id=" | + | |
- | With certain verbs: Sacerdos ritu fungitur. The priest performs the ceremony. Also utor, I use; fruor, I enjoy; fungor, I perform; potior, I possess; careo, I lack; egeo, indigeo, I need, gaudeo, I enjoy {usually constructed with an object clause, quod, the abl., or absol.; less freq. with acc. and quia, gen., si, etc.. with acc and inf or simple inf.} | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </li> | + | |
- | </ol> | + | * Accompaniment: |
+ | * Separation: Libera nos (a) malo - deliver us from evil. | ||
+ | * Means: Gladio occisus est - he was killed with a sword. | ||
+ | * Manner: (Cum) Dolore locutus est - he spoke with sorrow. | ||
+ | * Personal Agency: Missa ab episcopo celebrabitur. Mass will be celebrated by the bishop. | ||
+ | * With certain adjectives: ... gratia plena - ... full of grace. | ||
+ | * Respect or Specification: | ||
+ | * Cause: (Prae) gaudio clamaverunt. The shouted for joy. | ||
+ | * Ablative Absolute: Hoc facto, abiit. This being done, he went away. | ||
+ | * Description: | ||
+ | * Place where: In domo petri manebant - in peter' | ||
+ | * Place from, out of which: E domo venerunt - they came out of the house. | ||
+ | * Comparison: Quis est maior illo: Who is greater than that one? | ||
+ | * Degree of difference: Petrus erat multo senior quam Joannes - Was peter much older than John? | ||
+ | * Time when, within which - In illo tempore... At that time. Quinque annis hoc facierunt. They did that in five years. | ||
+ | * Duration: Duodecim annis infirma fuerat - She had been sick for 12 years. | ||
+ | * Cognate Ablative: Timore timuerunt - they were afraid with fear. | ||
+ | * With certain verbs: Sacerdos ritu fungitur. The priest performs the ceremony. Also utor, I use; fruor, I enjoy; fungor, I perform; potior, I possess; careo, I lack; egeo, indigeo, I need, gaudeo, I enjoy {usually constructed with an object clause, quod, the abl., or absol.; less freq. with acc. and quia, gen., si, etc.. with acc and inf or simple inf.} | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
excepta - in later latin, a preposition governing accusative or ablativeexcludo - (dative) in later latin, ablative absolute. | excepta - in later latin, a preposition governing accusative or ablativeexcludo - (dative) in later latin, ablative absolute. | ||
- | <p id=" | ||
**Exercises** | **Exercises** |
/users/ahereford.org/htdocs/canonlaw/data/pages/latin.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/30 15:16 by 127.0.0.1